The Impact of Foreign Investments on the Achievement of Economic Growth

This article deals with the analysis of the positive side of the foreign direct investments in the World´s economy. The importance of this research is derived from the significant role that can be played by foreign investments in industrialized and developing countries. Some countries are still hesitant to attract the foreign investments despite its human and physical potentialities. The foreign investments are mainly influenced by political and economical factors. Foreign direct investments to developing countries are growing very rapidly. In the past, these investments were limited to raw material sectors, nowadays the current investments involve more sectors than ever before. These investments have implications of trade and integration. The revival of foreign investments implies that the risks to private investments have been lowered mainly because of specific policy changes and of improvements of governance more generally. In this research we have mainly used the descriptive methods on the basis of data collection.Foreign direct investment, global economy, international economy, developing countries, multinational companies, economic growth., International Relations/Trade, Political Economy, GA, IN,

The Effect of Information and Communication Technology on Economic Growth: Arab World Case

Information and communication technology (ICT), population growth, gross capital formation, openness and inflation are frequently well-thought-out as important drivers of economic growth in all countries especially for developing ones and so for Arab countries in our case. This paper aims to examine the effect of these factors on 18 selected Arab countries' economic growth during the period from 1995 to 2013. Econometric analysis using panel regression has been adopted to test this impact. Ordinary least square model, random effects and fixed effects model have been applied for the study sample of 341 observations, and in order to choose the appropriate model, Hausman test has been used. For our analysis we used a basic model that includes the dependent variable GDP per capita as an economic growth factor and the main concerned independent variable info density index that represents the capital and labor stock of ICT. Then we extended the model with other standardized macroeconomic control variables mentioned above and applied the three methodologies of regression. The outcomes illustrate that ICT has positive impact on the selected Arab countries' economic growth as well as the other factors except for inflation which has a negative impact on economic growth for these countries. The impact degree of ICT on economic growth is less than that of other countries especially emerging and developed economists. Keywords: information and communication technology (ICT), ICT index, population growth, gross capital formation, openness, inflation, economic growth, Arab countries JEL Classifications: C33, E22, O4

The Impact of Privatization on Economic Growth: The Case of Uzbekistan

This paper clarifies the macroeconomic gains from privatization during the transition period in Uzbekistan. The choice of this country is due to its stable macroeconomics performance beginning from 1996 onwards, and author's related work experience at The State Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan for Privatization. Based on the macroeconomic empirical literature on growth, we supplement the standard model of GDP growth with other transition-specific variables to investigate the impact of privatization on economic growth. In so doing, we found that economic growth was significantly influenced by investment (more importantly investment to the education), and employment growth. Several other institutional components specific to the transition process, particularly the private sector and capital market development, and small-scale privatization were also found to be significant determinants of economic development in Uzbekistan

Analysis of the Mutual Trade Between the Eu and Indonesia

Mutual trade between EU countries and Indonesia is a bilateral commodity trade flow exceeding 17 billion Euros. Analysis of the trade between the two entities is an important contribution leading to the definition of the significance that the ongoing cooperation between the EU and Indonesia has. EU is for Indonesia very important trading partner, for EU is Indonesia a strategic political partner. The bilateral trade is currently greatly benefiting Indonesia, however, this market has a potential for EU due to the fact, that it is one of the most populous country in the Asian region and the in world in general. The trade exchange is based on export and import of most basic aggregate commodities; while between the two partners exist significant differences in terms of available comparative advantages. A specificity of the mutual trade is the limited territorial structure of this exchange, as the main volume of transactions is realized between Indonesia and only a few EU countries. Keywords: EU, Indonesia, mutual, foreign trade, commodity, territory, structure, analysis, competitivenes

Economics of Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunches Bio Briquettes in Indonesia

This study provides background data and justification for the development of bio briquettes from palm oil empty fruit bunches (EFB) and evaluates a pilot project utilizing this palm oil industry waste by-product in Indonesia. This activity is also important from the environmental standpoint since it helps in achievement of sustainable environment in Indonesia. This is due to the fact that EFB that is left to decay and is not processed is a significant source of pollution (Chiew and Shimada, 2013). Indonesia has become the world's biggest palm oil producer with more than 20 million tons crude palm oil (CPO). Annual growth rate is about of 10%. This helped to Indonesian economic growth and poverty alleviation, provided benefits for big companies and thousands of smallholders. But this led also to deforestation and reduction of biodiversity. The Indonesian palm oil industry now still did not recover from palm oil prices drop down and use of palm oil by products should be on the focus also to support this Indonesian main business. Palm oil is facing criticism for using food crop as fuels, but EFB is absolutely non-food palm oil production by product. This by-product is underestimated in economic way and relatively huge amount is not used in Indonesia and could potentially contribute to sustainable green energy production especially for power generation needs In Indonesia. (Mohammed et al., 2012) Keywords: Sustainable development, Crude Palm Oil, Briquettes, Renewable Energy, Profitability JEL Classifications: Q2; Q4, Q

Geopolitical risks for Egypt wheat supply and trade

IntroductionSince 2005, Russia has established a stable position in Egypt's wheat imports, and after 2016, it became the largest global wheat exporter. The shift in Russian grain production has visibly affected wheat export destinations in favor of developing countries. This paper identifies the main determinants of wheat trade in Egypt concerning the primary risks associated with the war in Ukraine.MethodsThe paper utilizes time series analysis, index analysis, and an econometric model to define the statistical relationship between the quantity of wheat imported into Egypt and population development, wheat price, and wheat production.ResultsDespite increasing wheat production growth rates (1.9% p.a. over 2000–2020) and a growing population (2.01% p.a.), Egypt is unable to reduce its import dependence below 50% of total consumption. Undernourishment in Egypt remains at 5.2%–5.4% of the population. The econometric model shows that variables describing the evolution of production, population, and prices are statistically significant in relation to wheat imports. Egypt's wheat imports continue to increase even with rising prices, which is typical for developing countries. The war in Ukraine and associated commodity price increases have far-reaching implications for Africa's food security and supply systems.DiscussionEgypt's vulnerability to external influences, such as climate change, migration, rising commodity prices, and population growth, exacerbates the situation. Most African countries, including Egypt, struggle with the economic and social impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. They also face rising food and energy prices, conflicts between the world's largest food producers, and increasing poverty rates. The research findings confirm that Egypt is among the highly vulnerable countries due to the war in Ukraine and the disruption of agricultural supply chains