5 research outputs found

    Diseño y desarrollo de un sistema Multimodal de Elastografía. Diagrama de tiempo

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    [ES] A lo largo de los años el mundo de la imagen ha tratado de deshacerse de un ruido conocido como speckle pattern que aparece en las tĂ©cnicas de imagen basadas en fuentes de luz coherentes. Este patrĂłn provoca una pĂ©rdida en la resoluciĂłn espacial y un emborronamiento de las imĂĄgenes. Sin embargo, hace unos años se desarrollĂł un nuevo uso para este patrĂłn; combinado con el sistema de imagen apropiado, este speckle pattern puede medir las propiedades mecĂĄnicas de la superficie de los tejidos apareciendo asĂ­ la ElastografĂ­a Óptica (OE). La ElastografĂ­a Óptica normalmente usa ondas de baja frecuencia para generar una tensiĂłn sobre la superficie del objeto y mide su repuesta capturando los cambios del speckle pattern generado con un lĂĄser coherente. Con la configuraciĂłn adecuada, se pueden extraer propiedades mecĂĄnicas cuantitativas. No hace falta mencionar la importancia mĂ©dica que poseen estas medidas, ya que algunas enfermedades o anomalĂ­as dermatolĂłgicas se presentan como cambios en la rigidez del tejido, hasta ahora medidos por tĂ©cnicas cualitativas y subjetivas como la palpaciĂłn. Avanzando hasta un nuevo nivel, el Laboratorio de Óptica BiomĂ©dica de la MTU donde he desarrollado mi proyecto pretende combinar la tĂ©cnica de OE con pulsos de ultrasonidos para desarrollar un Sistema de ElastografĂ­a Multimodal capaz de visualizar la rigidez tanto en como debajo de la superficie de los tejidos. Esta tĂ©cnica de imagen serĂ­a adecuada para la detecciĂłn de tumores y fibrosis, medidas del flujo sanguĂ­neo, etc. En este proyecto me he centrado en desarrollar un diagrama de tiempo que ayude a construir un setup experimental para obtener medidas Ăłpticas y ultrasĂłnicas simultĂĄneas. El diagrama de tiempo desarrollado nos lleva a la necesidad de incorporar un Time Delay Generator en el sistema, tanto en el flujo del hardware como en el flujo del software. Este sistema tambiĂ©n necesita ser portĂĄtil para poder, asĂ­, ser transportado al laboratorio donde se toman las imĂĄgenes de ultrasonidos. Una vez se haya realizado este setup experimental, algunas tareas deberĂĄn realizarse para que este sea funcional; como correlacionar ambas medidas y definir quĂ© ratios son relevantes, establecer un lĂ­mite. Este sistema funcional, podrĂĄ entonces ampliar su rango de aplicaciĂłn a nuevas demandas como la mediciĂłn del flujo sanguĂ­neo, angiogĂ©nesis en tumores y una gran variedad de aplicaciones biomĂ©dicas.[EN] All over the years the imaging world has been trying to get rid of the speckle pattern appearing in coherent imaging techniques as it blurred this images and decreased their spatial resolution. However, some years ago, a brand new use was developed for this speckle pattern; combined with the appropriate imaging system this speckle pattern could measure the surface mechanical properties of tissue thus Optical Elastography was developed. Optical Elastography usually uses low frequency waves in order to apply stress into the tissue and measures its response by capturing the shift of the speckle pattern generated by a coherent laser. With the appropriate imaging configuration, quantitative mechanical properties could be inferred. There is no need to raise the medical importance of this measures, as skin diseases such as melanomas or psoriasis represent themselves as changes in the stiffness, measured before by qualitative and subjective techniques like palpation. Taking one step further, the Biomedical Optics Laboratory in the Michigan Technological University where I have developed my project is aiming to combine OE with Ultrasound pulses in order to get a Multimodal Elastography System capable of visualizing stiffness both at and beneath the surface of tissues. This kind of imaging is good for tumor and fibroid detection, blood flow measurement, etc. In this project I am focused on developing a timing diagram which will help them to put together an experimental setup to get simultaneous ultrasound and optical measurements. The timing diagram developed lead us to the necessity of incorporating a time delay generator into the system both in the hardware and software flux. This system also needs to be portable so it can be moved to the laboratory where the Ultrasound images are taken. Once this experimental setup is built, some remaining tasks should be done in order to be functional; like correlating both measures and defining which are relevant ratios. This system could then be spread to new applications such as measuring blood flow, angiogenesis in tumors and multiple other biomedical applications.Mansilla Navarro, P. (2019). Diseño y desarrollo de un sistema Multimodal de ElastografĂ­a. Diagrama de tiempo. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/14241

    Design and Control of a Soft Knee Exoskeleton for Pediatric Patients at Early Stages of the Walking Learning Process

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    Pediatric patients can suffer from different motor disorders that limit their neurological and motor development and hinder their independence. If treated at the very early stages of development, those limitations can be palliated or even removed. However, manual interventions are not completely effective due to the restrictions in terms of time, force, or tracking experienced by the physiotherapists. The knee flexo-extension is crucial for walking and often affected by disorders such as spasticity or lack of force in the posterior chain. This article focuses on the development of a knee exosuit to follow angular trajectories mimicking the maximum and minimum peaks present in the knee flexo-extension profiles of healthy individuals during walking. The proposed exosuit is based on shape memory alloy actuators along with four inertial sensors that close the control loop. The whole device is controlled through a two-level controller and has an hybrid rigid–flexible design to overcome the different issues present in the literature. The device was proven to be feasible for this type of application, with replicable and consistent behavior, reducing the price and weight of existing exosuits and enhancing patient comfort

    A novel multi-wire SMA-based actuator with high-frequency displacement

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    Shape Memory Alloys (SMA) are a group of metallic alloys that can return to their original shape when subjected to a temperature transformation between two phases. SMAs have been used as an alternative solution to conventional actuators in different applications of the robotics, biomedical, aerospace and automation domains because of their characteristics; being one of the leading solutions in different fields such as soft robotics and bio-inspired mechanisms. However, these actuators are still limited due to their operating frequency, their electrical efficiency, and their control performance due to their non-linearities. This paper presents a new multi-wire actuator structure based on SMA, with two different activation strategies. By combining the use of a multi-wire SMA in an alternative way, the overall recovery time is reduced. Thus, higher frequencies can be achieved in the reference signal. In this study, the effect of the diameter, geometry and activation temperature of the wires is evaluated in two different configurations. Firstly, when the actuator produces a linear displacement and, secondly, in an antagonistic configuration where the final displacement is a rotating movement. The results prove that the operating frequency of the multi-wire actuator increases considerably, when compared to the configuration where only one SMA wire is used. Moreover, it can be stated that the performance of the actuator improves when using wires with a thinner diameter and a higher activation temperature, with weights closer to the maximum force supported and a geometrical disposition of the wires that brings them as close as possible.The research leading to these results have received funding from the "Sistema robótico para propiciar la marcha en niños pequeños con Parålisis Cerebral" under Grant PID2019-105110RB-C32/ AEI/10.13039/501100011033, funded by Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI), Spain; from "Desarrollo de un actuador multihilo con fibras de SMA", funded by Arquimea Aerospace Defence and Security, S.L.U. Spain . Funding for APC: Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (Read & Publish Agreement CRUE-CSIC 2023), Spain

    Jornadas Nacionales de RobĂłtica y BioingenierĂ­a 2023: Libro de actas

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    Las Jornadas de RobĂłtica y BioingenierĂ­a de 2023 tienen lugar en la Escuela TĂ©cnica Superior de IngenierĂ­a Industrial de la Universidad PolitĂ©cnica de IVIadrid, entre los dĂ­as 14 y 16 de junio de 2023. En este evento propiciado por el ComitĂ© Español de AutomĂĄtica (CEA) tiene lugar la celebraciĂłn conjunta de las XII Jornadas Nacionales de RobĂłtica y el XIV Simposio CEA de BioingenierĂ­a. Las Jornadas Nacionales de RobĂłtica es un evento promovido por el Grupo TemĂĄtico de RobĂłtica (GTRob) de CEA para dar visibilidad y mostrar las actividades desarrolladas en el ĂĄmbito de la investigaciĂłn y transferencia tecnolĂłgica en robĂłtica. Asimismo, el propĂłsito de Simposio de BioingenierĂ­a, que cumple ahora su decimocuarta dicciĂłn, es el de proporcionar un espacio de encuentro entre investigadores, desabolladores, personal clĂ­nico, alumnos, industriales, profesionales en general e incluso usuarios que realicen su actividad en el ĂĄmbito de la bioingenierĂ­a. Estos eventos se han celebrado de forma conjunta en la anualidad 2023. Esto ha permitido aunar y congregar un elevado nĂșmero de participantes tanto de la temĂĄtica robĂłtica como de bioingenierĂ­a (investigadores, profesores, desabolladores y profesionales en general), que ha posibilitado establecer puntos de encuentro, sinergias y colaboraciones entre ambos. El programa de las jornadas aĂșna comunicaciones cientĂ­ficas de los Ășltimos resultados de investigaciĂłn obtenidos, por los grupos a nivel español mĂĄs representativos dentro de la temĂĄtica de robĂłtica y bioingenierĂ­a, asĂ­ como mesas redondas y conferencias en las que se debatirĂĄn los temas de mayor interĂ©s en la actualidad. En relaciĂłn con las comunicaciones cientĂ­ficas presentadas al evento, se ha recibido un total de 46 ponencias, lo que sin duda alguna refleja el alto interĂ©s de la comunidad cientĂ­fica en las Jornadas de RobĂłtica y BioingenierĂ­a. Estos trabajos serĂĄn expuestos y presentados a lo largo de un total de 10 sesiones, distribuidas durante los diferentes dĂ­as de las Jornadas. Las temĂĄticas de los trabajos cubren los principales retos cientĂ­ficos relacionados con la robĂłtica y la bioingenierĂ­a: robĂłtica aĂ©rea, submarina, terrestre, percepciĂłn del entorno, manipulaciĂłn, robĂłtica social, robĂłtica mĂ©dica, teleoperaciĂłn, procesamiento de señales biolĂłgicos, neurorehabilitaciĂłn etc. Confiamos, y estamos seguros de ello, que el desarrollo de las jornadas sea completamente productivo no solo para los participantes en las Jornadas que podrĂĄn establecer nuevos lazos y relaciones fructĂ­feras entre los diferentes grupos, sino tambiĂ©n aquellos investigadores que no hayan podido asistir. Este documento que integra y recoge todas las comunicaciones cientĂ­ficas permitirĂĄ un anĂĄlisis mĂĄs detallado de cada una de las mismas

    Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

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    Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P < 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)
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