Midline Household Survey Results: Rupandehi, Nepal

This report summarizes the main findings from the household midline survey conducted in seven villages of the district of Rupandehi, one of CCAFS site, in Nepal in July 2019. The household survey revisited the 135 households of the 2012 CCAFS baseline survey and used the same standardized household survey tools. The Open Data Kit (ODK) software was used for the data collection. The results show that the majority of households in Rupandehi produce a variety of crops, among which rice, wheat and mustard. Many farmers also rear livestock such as cows, buffalo, chicken, oxen and goat. All members of the family typically engage in the on-farm agricultural work but men are more likely to be also involved in off-farm activities. Households members derive their income from a variety of sources, the main one being payments from the government or other projects/programs. This is followed by remittances and income from businesses as the main alternative income sources for many households. Moreover, most of the farmers have made changes in their agricultural practices since the baseline. Many have introduced higher-yielding crop varieties or have stopped keeping one or more types of animals on the farm. In terms of food security, the majority of the households surveyed in Rupandehi district are food secure throughout the entire year. The households mostly obtain their food directly from their farms. However, some of the households purchase food from other sources, especially during the month of June, July and August. Most farmers are small landholders, almost 75% of the households’ land sizes are marginal (< 1 ha), followed by a minority of smallholders owning between 1 and 2 ha of land. 98% of the households indicated buying seeds and inorganic fertilizers whereas 95% of households reported the purchase of pesticides and insecticides. 70% of households also recorded the purchase of veterinary medicine. According to the survey, television, cell phone and bicycle are the most common assets in the area. Internet access is also common in many households. Women are mostly involved in crops cultivation, mainly vegetables and cereals along with rearing livestock. The farmers have shifted towards higher-yielding and better-quality varieties of rice, and wheat. The survey findings indicate that farmers are well aware of agricultural innovations and tend to use new crop varieties

Midline Household Survey Results: Karnal, Haryana State, India

In 2011, CCAFS carried out baseline surveys (household survey, a village study and an organizational survey) in 21 research sites across 17 countries within its five focus regions, using standardized baseline tools in each site. Many years after the implementation of the baseline studies, CCAFS has conducted the midterm evaluation surveys, which are compared with the baseline findings to track the performance of Climate-Smart Village (CSV) sites and measure the impact on beneficiaries. With a few improvements, the same standardized tools were used again to carry out the midline evaluation and to ensure comparability with the data collected previously

Midline Household Survey Results: Vaishali, Bihar State, India

In 2011, CCAFS carried out baseline surveys (household survey, a village study and an organizational survey) in 21 research sites across 17 countries within its five focus regions, using standardized baseline tools in each site. Many years after the implementation of the baseline studies, CCAFS has conducted the midterm evaluation surveys, which are compared with the baseline findings to track the performance of Climate-Smart Village (CSV) sites and measure the impact on beneficiaries. With a few improvements, the same standardized tools were used again to carry out the midline evaluation and to ensure comparability with the data collected previously

Organizational Midline Study: Karnal, Haryana State, India

In 2011, CCAFS conducted a baseline study in India which included a household survey, a qualitative village study and an organizational survey at two CCAFS sites, i.e., Karnal district in Haryana and Vaishali district in Bihar. To measure the impact of the program, the BISA-CIMMYT conducted a midline study containing the same three components, i.e., Household Midline Surveys (HMS), Village Midline Surveys (VMS) and Organizational midline surveys (OMS). This report summarizes the findings from the Organisational Midline Survey (OMS) carried out in June 2019. CCAFS' organizational-level Midline studies supplement the quantitative household midline surveys and the qualitative village midline studies conducted at the same locations

Organizational Midline Study: Vaishali, Bihar State, India

In 2011, CCAFS conducted a baseline study in India which included a household survey, a qualitative village study and an organizational survey at two CCAFS sites, i.e., Karnal district in Haryana and Vaishali district in Bihar. To measure the impact of the program, the BISA-CIMMYT conducted a midline study containing the same three components, i.e., Household Midline Surveys (HMS), Village Midline Surveys (VMS) and Organizational midline surveys (OMS). This report summarizes the findings from the Organisational Midline Survey (OMS) carried out in June 2019. CCAFS' organizational-level Midline studies supplement the quantitative household midline surveys and the qualitative village midline studies conducted at the same locations

Organizational Midline Study: Rupandehi, Nepal

This report summarizes findings from the Organizational Midline Survey (OMS) conducted in Nepal’s Rupandehi district in July 2019. The findings point out many organizations collaborating and coordinating with farming communities in Rupandehi. Ten of these organizations, working directly with farmers groups, were interviewed during this study

Flow Cytometer: The Need of Modern Hematology Laboratory

Indeed, laboratory diagnosis is rapidly changing from what it was in the past to the present. Nowadays, flow cytometer (FCM) has become a novel introduction to the modern diagnostic technique, mainly in the field of hematology. In case of acute leukemia, peripheral blood, bone marrow examination, cytochemistry and immunohistochemistry for differentiation of myeloid or lymphoid lineage is required, which is feasible by flow cytometry. It has dramatically improved the diagnostic efficiency and reduced the duration of sampling along with better diagnostic outcomes as well as provided efficient therapeutic monitoring of any drug or drug regimen. It has also opened some more sensitive therapeutic plans, like monitoring “Minimal residual disease (MRD)”, which is not possible without FCM. Detection of MRD has led to improved overall survival of patients. It has also opened up huge opportunities for research, which has become an important part of academic curriculum nowadays. Considering the importance and absolute necessity for better outcomes in hematology, the knowledge of basic principle of FCM becomes indispensable. Here, we try to elucidate the elementary components of this technique and also highlight its uses.&nbsp

Organizational Midline Study: Bagerhat, Bangladesh

This report summarizes the findings from the Organizational Midline Study (OMS) carried out in August-September of 2019 in Bagerhat, Bangladesh. The interviews were conducted with the same 10 organizations interviewed during the Organizational Baseline Study (OBS). The organizations are all still working directly with farmers in Bagerhat, Bangladesh

Comparative analysis of CCAFS household surveys for South Asia

In 2010/2011 and 2019, the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) conducted baseline and midline household, village and organizational surveys across five regions. In South Asia, the surveys took place in four sites, namely in Karnal and Vaishali districts in India, Bagerhat in Bangladesh and Rupandehi in Nepal. The baseline surveys were administered in 2010/2011 while the midline surveys were conducted in 2019. For the household surveys’ purpose, a longitudinal design was applied with the same 140 households selected from each site interviewed for both the baseline and midline surveys. This report analyzes changes reported in agricultural practices between the baseline household survey and the midline survey

Village Midline Study: Rupandehi, Nepal

This report presents the findings from the village midline study conducted in Madhuri Village, the CCAFS benchmark site of Rupandehi district, Nepal between the 26th and the 30th of May 2019 . This document reports on the various changes which have occurred since the baseline was conducted in the same village. Changes in agricultural practices, sources of information, organizational and institutional development, climate change adaptation practices, and networks present in the community are assessed. During the village midline study, the participants identified 16 different organizations working closely with the community. These organizations provide support to households in the village in sectors such as agriculture, livestock, finance, saving and credits, infrastructural development, or irrigation. Special attention was paid to organizations which were working on food security and natural resource management. There have been significant changes in the federal government structure which has provided opportunities for the villagers. Women-led cooperatives were instrumental in uplifting the status of women and empowering them economically. Very few organizations working in the sector of natural resource management were cited by participants. Both groups identified that the information on seed selection and spacing, timing of fertilizers application along with information on irrigation have been received from cooperatives and agro-vets. Relatives and rural municipality played an important role in disseminating the information in the village. However, the frequency at which information was being spread was noted to be very low. Training on climate change and climate change adaptation, sustainable development, natural resource conservation and management, need to be the focus of future activities. Proper linkages and coordination mechanisms between both governmental and non –governmental organizations are necessary for the community to combat climate change’s negative impacts and increase resilience within the village