A clinical study on ruptured uterus: assessment of treatment approach and maternal and fetal outcome

Background: Uterine rupture is a grave condition which is almost fatal for fetus. Various factors contribute to rupture uterus which include poor socioeconomic condition, uncontrolled fertility, illiteracy, adolescent marriage and contracted pelvis. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the incidence of rupture uterus, its etiology, risk factors, complications, treatment strategies, maternal and fetal outcome and to test the association between cause of rupture uterus and gravidityMethods: This study was conducted over a period of 2 years from July 2015 to August 2017, in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, M.Y. Hospital Indore (M.P.). All cases of rupture uterus, who were either admitted with or who developed this complication in the hospital, were included in the study. Diagnosis was made on history and examination and was confirmed on laparotomy.Results: In this study the incidence of rupture uterus was 0.289%. Total number of deliveries conducted during this period was 21782 and number of cases with rupture uterus were 63. About 90% of cases belong to age group of 21-30 years. About 62% of cases belong to rural area and 81% of cases were unbooked. In the study 41% of cases were third gravida and 27% were second gravida. About 46 % cases with previous 1 section and 20.7% cases came with obstructed labour. About 17.4% and 4.4% underwent Subtotal and Total hysterectomy respectively. However,78% cases underwent repair of uterine tear.Conclusions: All patients with primary caesarean section MUST have institutional deliveries. Patients who wish to; and have a favorable condition should be offered TOL (trial of labour) for VBAC, but under strict vigilance

Zoom-in to molecular mechanisms underlying root growth and function under heterogeneous soil environment and abiotic stresses.

The review describes tissue-specific and non-cell autonomous molecular responses regulating the root system architecture and function in plants. Phenotypic plasticity of roots relies on specific molecular and tissue specific responses towards local and microscale heterogeneity in edaphic factors. Unlike gravitropism, hydrotropism in Arabidopsis is regulated by MIZU KUSSIE1 (MIZ1)-dependent asymmetric distribution of cytokinin and activation of Arabidopsis response regulators, ARR16 and ARR17 on the lower water potential side of the root leading to higher cell division and root bending. The cortex specific role of Abscisic acid (ABA)-activated SNF1-related protein kinase 2.2 (SnRK2.2) and MIZ1 in elongation zone is emerging for hydrotropic curvature. Halotropism involves clathrin-mediated internalization of PIN FORMED 2 (PIN2) proteins at the side facing higher salt concentration in the root tip, and ABA-activated SnRK2.6 mediated phosphorylation of cortical microtubule-associated protein Spiral2-like (SP2L) in the root transition zone, which results in anisotropic cell expansion and root bending away from higher salt. In hydropatterning, Indole-3-acetic acid 3 (IAA3) interacts with SUMOylated-ARF7 (Auxin response factor 7) and prevents expression of Lateral organ boundaries-domain 16 (LBD16) in air-side of the root, while on wet side of the root, IAA3 cannot repress the non-SUMOylated-ARF7 thereby leading to LBD16 expression and lateral root development. In root vasculature, ABA induces expression of microRNA165/microRNA166 in endodermis, which moves into the stele to target class III Homeodomain leucine zipper protein (HD-ZIP III) mRNA in non-cell autonomous manner. The bidirectional gradient of microRNA165/6 and HD-ZIP III mRNA regulates xylem patterning under stress. Understanding the tissue specific molecular mechanisms regulating the root responses under heterogeneous and stress environments will help in designing climate-resilient crops. [Abstract copyright: © 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

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Not AvailableMaintenance of growth is important for sustaining yield under stress conditions. Hence, identification of genes involved in cell division and growth under abiotic stress is utmost important. Ras-related nuclear protein (Ran) is a small GTPase required for nucleocytoplasmic transport,mitotic progression, and nuclear envelope assembly in plants. In the present study, two Ran GTPase genes TaRAN1 and TaRAN2 were identified though genome-wide analysis in wheat (T. aestivum). Comparative analysis of Ran GTPases from wheat, barley, rice, maize, sorghum, and Arabidopsis revealed similar gene structure within phylogenetic clades and highly conserved protein structure. Expression analysis from expVIP platform showed ubiquitous expression of TaRAN genes across tissues and developmental stages. Under biotic and abiotic stresses, TaRAN1 expression was largely unaltered, while TaRAN2 showed stress specific response. In qRT-PCR analysis, TaRAN1 showed significantly higher expression as compared to TaRAN2 in shoot and root at seedling, vegetative, and reproductive stages. During progressive drought stress, TaRAN1 and TaRAN2 expression increase during early stress and restored to control level expression at higher stress levels in shoot. The steady-state level of transcripts was maintained to that of control in roots under drought stress. Under cold stress, expression of both the TaRAN genes decreased significantly at 3 h and became similar to control at 6 h in shoots, while salt stress significantly reduced the expression of TaRAN genes in shoots. The analysis suggests differential regulation of TaRAN genes under developmental stages and abiotic stresses. Delineating the molecular functions of Ran GTPases will help unravel the mechanism of stress induced growth inhibition in wheat.ICAR_NIP