Galectin-1, -3, -7 Expressions in Congenital and Acquired Pediatric Cholesteatomas Compared to External Auditory Canal Skin

Objectives. There is a classical distinction based on clinical criteria between acquired and congenital cholesteatomas. To determine if these two types of lesions show different immunohistochemical features, we have studied the expression patterns of three distinctive galectins (animal lectins implied especially in cellular proliferation and apoptosis) in both types of cholesteatomas and compared it to their expression patterns in external auditory canal skin. Methods. Our study is based on nine acquired and eight congenital cholesteatomas, obtained from children during ear surgery. Six specimens of normal adult auditory meatal skin served as control. Specimens were analyzed by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies with galectin-1 and galectin-3, and a polyclonal antibody with galectin-7. Results. We did not observe any differences in the galectin distribution pattern between congenital and acquired pediatric cholesteatomas. Compared to the control group, cholesteatomas present some particular features. There was no expression of galectin-1 and a lower expression of galectin-3 in the epithelium. Furthermore, we observed a preferentially nuclear distribution of galectin-7 in cholesteatomas, whereas it is essentially cytoplasmic in the control group. Conclusion. The data reported in this study suggest, on the basis of a lesser marked galectin-3 in cholesteatomas epithelium compared with an external auditory canal skin, that an immature keratinocytes population is at the origin of these lesions and that galectin-3 and galectin-7 play a part in the capacity as apoptosis modulators. Our study does not establish a difference in the galectin expressions of congenital and acquired cholesteatomas, but it constitutes however an additional argument in favor of the "undifferentiated" origin of keratinocytes in cholesteatomas. © 2012 by Korean Society of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

La surdité de l'enfant

Considerable progress has been achieved these last years in the field of hearing screening, diagnosis of hearing loss in children and rehabilitation methods. It is now generally accepted that every child with hearing impairment must receive intervention before six months of age. This is only possible thanks to early and systematic hearing screening. The objective screening methods - transient evoked otoacoustic emissions and automated auditory brainstem responses - have excellent specificity and sensitivity and are non invasive. They have replaced the subjective techniques which resulted in a high percentage of false negative cases. The performance of etiologic assessments has dramatically improved, thanks to advancements in genetics and imagery. The identification of deafness-causing genes has provided an insight into inner ear physiology and has permitted to clarify a great number of recessive deafness cases. Computed tomographic and magnetic resonance imaging allow much more precise information gathering about the integrity of the auditory pathway. Finally, cochlear implantation has deeply modified the social and educational prognosis of the severe or profound deaf child. In the vast majority of cases, children implanted early and who do not present associated handicaps, will succeed in communicating within the hearing world and will attend mainstream schools.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

ACOUPHENES: DONNEES ACTUELLES ET TRAITEMENT PAR VALPROATE DE SODIUM

SCOPUS: NotDefined.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Effets de polarité du click sur les potentiels évoques auditifs du tronc cérébral dans les atteintes cochleaires: hypothèse de travail

The rarefaction-condensation differential potential (RCDP) obtained by subtracting brainstem auditory-evoked potentials (BAEPs) to C clicks from those to R clicks has been studied in 32 normal subjects and 31 cases of cochlear hearing loss. In normal subjects, no RCDP was recorded along the lower 30-55 dB of the JV latency-intensity function, thus defining the pre-RCDP range. The pre-RCDP range was always abolished in losses unmasking BAEPs from lower (1kHz) tonotopic regions, the pre-RCDP range was either reduced or abolished. These results led to a working hypothesis based on single-unit data and stating a dual dependence of polarity effects on variables distributed along the tonotopic and intensity dimensions, with respective break-points at 1kHz, and at the junction of the tip and tail of unit frequency tuning curves. The 1kHz break-point could represent the upper frequency limit for phase locking in man.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

A new descriptor of the dual character of the input-output behaviour of the cochlea,with implications for signal-to-noise ratio estimation of brain-stem auditory potentials evoked by alternating polarity clicks

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Intérêt des otoémissions acoustiques évoquées en audiologie pédiatrique.

The Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions (EOAE) technique seems to be an early detection method of deafness of particular interest for children. In order to verify the hypothesis, we have tested 157 children and compared the results of the EOAE with a complementary audiologic testing.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Otogenic thrombosis of the lateral sinus :Report of a case in a child

A case of thrombosis of the lateral sinus complicating the mastoiditis in a five year old boy is presented. This intracranial complication of suppurative otitis media which has become rare since the use of antibiotics, still raises diagnostic and therapeutic problems. The various clinical and paraclinical elements of this rare pathology, its diagnosis and treatment are reviewed.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

The role of Evoked Potentials (EPs) in the assessment of the human Central Auditory Nervous System

info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe

Les acouphènes

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Auditory neuropathy: a report on three cases with early onsets and major neonatal illnesses

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe