SPANISH HOUSEHOLD DEMAND FOR SEAFOOD PRODUCTS

Consumption of seafood products in Spain has increased recently. Data from a nationally representative household budget survey are used. A double-hurdle model, applied to expenditures on fresh and processed seafood, shows the value of women's time, income and demographics to be determinants of participation and expenditure on seafood products.Consumer/Household Economics,

Properties of the inner penumbral boundary and temporal evolution of a decaying sunspot

It was empirically determined that the umbra-penumbra boundaries of stable sunspots are characterized by a constant value of the vertical magnetic field. We analyzed the evolution of the photospheric magnetic field properties of a decaying sunspot belonging to NOAA 11277 between August 28 - September 3, 2011. The observations were acquired with the spectropolarimeter on-board of the Hinode satellite. We aim to proof the validity of the constant vertical magnetic-field boundary between the umbra and penumbra in decaying sunspots. A spectral-line inversion technique was used to infer the magnetic field vector from the full-Stokes profiles. In total, eight maps were inverted and the variation of the magnetic properties in time were quantified using linear or quadratic fits. We found a linear decay of the umbral vertical magnetic field, magnetic flux, and area. The penumbra showed a linear increase of the vertical magnetic field and a sharp decay of the magnetic flux. In addition, the penumbral area quadratically decayed. The vertical component of the magnetic field is weaker on the umbra-penumbra boundary of the studied decaying sunspot compared to stable sunspots. Its value seem to be steadily decreasing during the decay phase. Moreover, at any time of the shown sunspot decay, the inner penumbra boundary does not match with a constant value of the vertical magnetic field, contrary to what was seen in stable sunspots. During the decaying phase of the studied sunspot, the umbra does not have a sufficiently strong vertical component of the magnetic field and is thus unstable and prone to be disintegrated by convection or magnetic diffusion. No constant value of the vertical magnetic field was found for the inner penumbral boundary.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics, 6 pages, 7 figure

Disaggregated Welfare Effects of Agricultural Price Policies in Urban Indonesia

Historically, the Government of Indonesia has intervened in food markets to control and stabilize food prices. Recently, policy has changed and input and food subsidies have been reduced. The resulting food price increases have had effects on consumers that differ among income groups. This paper develops a theoretically consistent methodology to measure changes in different income groups\u27 welfare. Results show the importance of considering distributional effects of policy changes and of developing appropriate targeting of food policies

Spanish Household Demand for Seafood

Seafood is an important food commodity in Spain, the second largest consuming nation of seafood in the world. Today, several changes in demographics, socioeconomic factors, and lifestyle changes have affected demand for seafood products. Double-hurdle models allow an examination of Spanish household expenditures on these products and explicitly account for the value of women\u27s time. The empirical evidence shows that the set of statistically significant factors in the participation and expenditure equations is not the same for fresh and processed seafood goods. Income and household demographic variables are important determinants of both participation and expenditures on seafood products. In addition, the value of women\u27s time affects expenditures on processed products, which include frozen, cured, and canned seafood goods

Demand for Food Commodities by Income Groups in Indonesia

An analysis of the structure of demand was performed on household data classified into income groups for urban Indonesia. A demographically augmented Linearized Almost Ideal Demand System was used to estimate the structural parameters of the demand equations. Endogenous switching regression techniques yielded unbiased and consistent demand parameter estimates for the low income group, which had a large number of zeros for some food groups. Standard, seemingly unrelated, equation techniques were used to estimate the demand parameters for the other income groups. The results showed demands for the medium-high and high income households to be responsive to prices, income and demographic variables. Demands for the medium-low income households were responsive to income and prices only. Demands for low income households were responsive to income and prices of rice and fish only

Oscillatory combustion in rockets Third semiannual report, Jun. 1 - Nov. 30, 1965

Rocket engine oscillatory combustion studie