From left, dispersed and exfoliated graphene oxide, aqueous solution of the polysaccharide, polysaccharide-reduced graphene oxide.

<p>From left, dispersed and exfoliated graphene oxide, aqueous solution of the polysaccharide, polysaccharide-reduced graphene oxide.</p

Flow cytometry and confocal microscopy of human PBMC treated with different concentrations of PR-GO.

<p>Flow cytometry and confocal microscopy of human PBMC treated with different concentrations of PR-GO.</p

ROS generation in human PBMCs induced by PR-GO.

<p>ROS generation in human PBMCs induced by PR-GO.</p

DLS elucidation of the synthesized PR-GO.

<p>DLS elucidation of the synthesized PR-GO.</p

Cytotoxicity of PR-GO in terms of MTT, Resazurin and neutral red uptakeassays.

<p>Cytotoxicity of PR-GO in terms of MTT, Resazurin and neutral red uptakeassays.</p

Green conversion of graphene oxide to graphene nanosheets and its biosafety study - Fig 8

<p>Raman Spectrum of PRGO (Curve A) and GO (Curve B).</p

XRD spectrum of PR-GO nanosheets.

<p>XRD spectrum of PR-GO nanosheets.</p

A Genetic Study on Attention Problems and Academic Skills: Results of a Longitudinal Study in Twins

Video S4. 3D video of SWCNTs around the nucleus. (AVI 49 kb

Body distribution of SiO₂–Fe₃O₄ core-shell nanoparticles after intravenous injection and intratracheal instillation

<p>Nano-silicon dioxide (SiO₂) is used nowadays in several biomedical applications such as drug delivery and cancer therapy, and is produced on an industrial scale as additive to paints and coatings, cosmetics and food. Data regarding the long-term biokinetics of SiO₂ engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) is lacking. In this study, the whole-body biodistribution of SiO₂ core-shell ENPs containing a paramagnetic core of Fe₃O₄ was investigated after a single exposure via intravenous injection or intratracheal instillation in mice. The distribution and accumulation in different organs was evaluated for a period of 84 days using several techniques, including magnetic resonance imaging, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, X-ray fluorescence and X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy. We demonstrated that intravenously administered SiO₂ ENPs mainly accumulate in the liver, and are retained in this tissue for over 84 days. After intratracheal instillation, an almost complete particle clearance from the lung was seen after 84 days with distribution to spleen and kidney. Furthermore, we have strong evidence that the ENPs retain their original core-shell structure during the whole observation period. This work gives an insight into the whole-body biodistribution of SiO₂ ENPs and will provide guidance for further toxicity studies.</p