Clinical efficacy of oral gabapentin versus clonidine for preemptive analgesia in knee arthroplasty under epidural anesthesia with 0.75% Ropivacaine – A comparative study

Background: The preemptive analgesia for knee arthroscopic repair may reduce the postoperative pain without affecting the mobility of patients. The present study was designed to compare the clinical efficacy of oral gabapentin with clonidine as preemptive analgesic to epidural ropivacaine (0.75%) for knee arthroscopic repair, done under epidural anesthesia. Patients and Methods: Sixty adult patients of both genders of the American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and II aged 20–58 years, scheduled for knee arthroscopic repair under epidural anesthesia, were randomized into two groups of 30 patients each. Patients of Group RG were given oral gabapentin 300 mg, and patients of Group RC received oral clonidine 100 μg, 90 min before surgery with sip of water. All patients received epidural anesthesia with 15 ml of 0.75% ropivacaine. Groups were compared for onset and duration of sensory and motor blockade and postoperative analgesia as primary end points. Intraoperative hemodynamic changes, sedation score, or any side effects were evaluated as secondary end points. Results: The onset of complete sensory block to T10 (15.4 ± 4.7 vs. 17.5 ± 3.8 min) and time to achieve complete motor block (23.7 ± 3.3 vs. 26.9 ± 1.4 min) was earlier in patients of Group RC. Postoperative analgesia was prolonged in patients of Group RG (248.17 ± 19.6 vs. 217.36 ± 12.3 min). Intraoperative hemodynamic changes showed no significant difference. There was an increased incidence of nausea and vomiting in clonidine group. Conclusion: Oral gabapentin proved to be better as preemptive adjuvant for providing postoperative analgesia and good sedation during knee arthroscopic repair

Comparative evaluation of clonidine versus fentanyl as adjuvants for epidural anaesthesia with 0.75% ropivacaine for day care knee arthroscopy: a double-blind study

Background: Day care knee arthroscopy can be performed with general anesthesia, central neuraxial blockade and peripheral nerve blocks. The adjuvants to local anaesthetic may be used to enhance the duration of analgesia without increasing the duration of motor blockade. The present study compared the clinical efficacy of clonidine with fentanyl as adjuvants to epidural ropivacaine (0.75%) for day care knee arthroscopy.Methods: Sixty adult patients of both gender of ASA physical status I and II scheduled for day care knee arthroscopy under epidural anaesthesia, were randomized into two groups of 30 patients each to receive either 15 ml of 0.75% ropivacaine with 1 ml of clonidine 50 µg (Group RC) or with 1 ml of fentanyl 50 µg (Group RF). Groups were compared for onset and duration of sensory and motor blockade and post-anesthesia discharge score (PADS) as primary end points. Intraoperative hemodynamic changes, time taken to void, total duration of hospital stay and any adverse effects were evaluated as secondary end points.Results: The onset of complete sensory block to T10 (15.4±4.7 versus 17.5±3.8 minutes) and time to achieve complete motor block (23.7±3.3 versus 26.9±1.4 minutes) was earlier in patients of Group RC. Intraoperative hemodynamic changes were comparable. Time to achieve PADS was earlier in patients of Group RF (6.37±1.08 versus 7.11±0.49 hour) with no statistical significant difference. Total duration of hospital stays (7.81±1.31 versus 8.27± 1.18 hour) was also comparable.Conclusions: Clonidine and fentanyl, both can be used as epidural adjuvant to 0.75% ropivacaine for day care knee arthroscopy as they could enhance the duration of analgesia without affecting the hospital stay

Global wild annual Lens collection: a potential resource for lentil genetic base broadening and yield enhancement.

Crop wild relatives (CWRs) are invaluable gene sources for various traits of interest, yet these potential resources are themselves increasingly threatened by the impact of climate change as well as other anthropogenic and socio-economic factors. The prime goal of our research was to cover all aspects of wild Lens genetic resource management like species characterization, agro-morphological evaluation, diversity assessment, and development of representative sets for its enhanced utilization in lentil base broadening and yield improvement initiatives. We characterized and evaluated extensively, the global wild annual Lens taxa, originating from twenty seven counties under two agro-climatic conditions of India consecutively for three cropping seasons. Results on various qualitative and quantitative characters including two foliar diseases showed wide variations for almost all yield attributing traits including multiple disease resistance in the wild species, L. nigricans and L. ervoides accessions. The core set developed from the entire Lens taxa had maximum representation from Turkey and Syria, indicating rich diversity in accessions originating from these regions. Diversity analysis also indicated wide geographical variations across genepool as was reflected in the core set. Potential use of core set, as an initial starting material, for genetic base broadening of cultivated lentil was also suggested

Identification of promising accessions for few agronomic and major biotic traits for their introgression in lentil enhancement selected from the entire <i>Lens</i> collection.

<p>Identification of promising accessions for few agronomic and major biotic traits for their introgression in lentil enhancement selected from the entire <i>Lens</i> collection.</p

Comparison of SDI of entire collection to core sets derived from different data sets.

<p>Core sets based on I = combined data on both quantitative and qualitative variables; II = data only on quantitative variables, and III = data only on qualitative variables, respectively.</p><p>Comparison of SDI of entire collection to core sets derived from different data sets.</p

Factorial analysis of <i>Lens</i> core set accessions based on quantitative phenotypic data.

<p>Factorial analysis of <i>Lens</i> core set accessions based on quantitative phenotypic data.</p

Range of variations for different quantitative agro-morphological traits in annual <i>Lens</i> species.

<p>Range of variations for different quantitative agro-morphological traits in annual <i>Lens</i> species.</p

Frequency distribution of qualitative plant characteristics in different annual <i>Lens</i> species.

<p>Frequency distribution of qualitative plant characteristics in different annual <i>Lens</i> species.</p

Piss-a-beds

piss vThis is the local term for the common dandelion. Example: "Oh, my frig! Wayne jus' eat a piss-a-bed." This word is quite common in Grand Bank among older childre and adults. I have heard this word used since childhood in Grand Bank, probably learning it from some of my friends. Often we would dare each other to see who had the nerve to eat a piece of the stem as it is very sour.Used I and SupUsed I and SupNot use

Identification of some promising accessions for few agronomic and major biotic traits for their introgression in lentil enhancement selected from the qualitative core set.

<p>Identification of some promising accessions for few agronomic and major biotic traits for their introgression in lentil enhancement selected from the qualitative core set.</p