EFFECT OF SELECTED HEAVY METALS (LEAD AND ZINC) ON SEEDLING GROWTH OF SOYBEAN GLYCINE MAX (L.) MERR

Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of both zinc (250, 500, 750, 1000 and 1250 mg/kg) and lead (200, 400, 600, 800, 1000 mg/kg) as zinc sulphate and lead acetate respectively on 7days seedling of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)Methods: To investigate morphological growth parameters seedlings were cut at the root-shoot junction and the length of their root and shoot was measured with a metric scale and expressed in centimetre's. The fresh weight of seedling samples was recorded on an analytical balance and expressed in gram per seedling. Later, seedlings were dried in an oven at 80o C for 24 h to get constant dry weight. After 24 h the dry weight was recorded.Results: The study revealed that elevated dose of lead concentrations reduces the growth parameter as compared to control. Lead concentrations of 1000 mg/kg significantly decreased the percentage of germination and root length. However, at low levels of zinc (250 and 500 mg/kg) showed increased germination percentage and also increase root length shoot length. But at high levels (750–1250 mg/kg) showed a detrimental effect on the growth parameter and germination.Conclusion: Consequently, higher concentrations of heavy metals had an increased inhibitory effect on seed germination percentage, root length, shoot length, tolerance index, fresh weight and dry weight of soybean seedlings, but the low concentration of zinc can be applied for increasing the growth and yield of soybean plants

A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON ZEPHYRANTHES CANDIDA: MEDICINAL HERB

Many herbal plants have the ability to synthesis a wide variety of chemical compounds that are used to perform important biological functions. Zephyranthes candida is a perennial herb grows in china used as traditional medicinal and ornamental plant species, belonging to Amaryllidaceae family. The present review attempts to encompass the upto date comprehensive literature analysis on Zephyranthes candida with respect to its phytochemistry and its various pharmacological activities.Key Words: Zephyranthes candida, Flavonoids, Alkaloids, Amaryllidaceae, Anti-microbialÂ

Evaluating the functional outcomes of tibia and ipsilateral femur fracture, which are floating knee injuries, in adults

Background: High velocity trauma leads to ipsilateral femur and tibia fractures. Despite being very uncommon, they have a significant morbidity rate. Combinations of diaphyseal, metaphyseal, and complicated intra-articular fractures may be present in this kind of injury. Objectives were to assess the functional success of adult patients with ipsilateral femur and tibia fractures treated with various methods. Methods: The 30 adult patients with floating knee injuries underwent surgical treatment as part of the prospective research at the department of orthopedics, govt. medical college, and affiliated group of institutions in Kota. A combination of implants, such as an intra-medullary nail, locking plates, screws, or external fixators, were used to treat both femur and tibia fractures. Results: Karlstrom-Olerud criteria were used for the final evaluation. In our study, five patients (16.6%) had excellent outcomes, ten (33.3%) had good results, seven (23.3%), had acceptable results, and eight (26.6%) had poor results. Conclusions: When the fracture is diaphysis and it is treated with intra-medullary nails for both the femur and the tibia, the results are excellent. In this way, the age of the patient, the kind of fracture, the methods of fracture fixation, and the functional result were all taken into account

Recurrent vulval fibroepithelial polyp with pregnancy: a rare presentation

A fibroepithelial polyp (FEP) is a relatively uncommon benign condition of vulva, mainly of reactive origin, occurs in women of reproductive age, mostly during pregnancy. Here is a case which presented with bilateral vulval mass, for that she underwent surgical excision. Histopathological examination revealed bilateral fibroepithelial vulval polyp. After 4 years of uneventful interval same female came with term pregnancy with a huge vulval mass on left side, having similar characteristic features as previous one. Emergency cesarean section followed by excision of polyp in the same sitting done. Histopathological report confirmed the finding of fibroepithelial polyp this time also. Only few cases of recurrent fibroepithelial polyp of vulva associated with pregnancy have been reported till date

Effects of sowing dates and irrigation regimes on grain quality of wheat grown under semi-arid condition of India

An experiment was conducted with aim to investigate the effect of sowing dates and irrigation regimes on wheat grain quality. There was four sowing dates [November 1(S1), November 16 (S2), December 1(S3) and December 16 (S4)], in main plots and four irrigation regimes [25% (I1), 50% (I2) and 75% (I3) maximum allowable depletion (MAD) of available soil moisture (ASM) and I4 – four critical growth stages in sub plots. The results revealed that hectolitre weight decreased from 80.2 and 81.4 kg hl-1 in S1 treatment to 78.3 and 79.4 kg hl-1 in S4 treatment and 79.9 and 81.5 kg hl-1 in I1 treatment to 79.0 and 79.9 kg hl-1 in I3 treatment in 2010-11 and 2011-12, respectively. Grain hardness outcome was ?75 in 2010-11 while it was <75 in 2011-12 irrespective of sowing dates and irrigation regimes. The highest percentage of flour recovery obtained in S1 treatment (68.2 and 63.2%) and I1 treatment (68.0 and 62.8%) with lowest coarse bran. On average, dry gluten content increased by 16.5 and 7.1% in S4 over S1 treatment in 2010-11 and 2011-12, respectively. Grain protein content increased from 11.9 and 12.8% in S1 treatment to 12.6 and 13.8% in S4 treatment in respective seasons. The milling and technological properties in S2 and I2 treatment was at par with S1 and I2 treatment. Therefore, it may be inferred that optimum milling and technological properties of wheat grain can be maintained by sowing till mid-November and irrigation scheduling up to 50% depletion of ASM

Impact of integrated nutrient management on vegetative growth and flowering quality of gladiolus (Gladiolus hybridus Hort.) cv. American Beauty

A field study on ‘effects of integrated nutrient management on vegetative growth and flowering quality of gladiolus (Gladiolus hybridus Hort.) cv. American Beauty’ was carried out at College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar during 2016-17. It was found that cv. American Beauty with treatment the tallest plants (121.50 cm), maximum number of leaves per plant (9.03), the maximum  leaf length (38.20 cm), earliest spike emergence (59.22 days), minimum number of days to floret opening (12.50 days), maximum number of florets per spike (17.53), maximum spike length (108.50 cm), maximum floret diameter (9.01 cm), maximum rachis length (39.03 cm) was found in T12 (RDF 75% + Azotobacter + PSB + Mycorrhiza). The maximum stem diameter (1.52 cm) and maximum spike girth (0.97 cm) was recorded in T10 (RDF 75% + PSB + Mycorrhiza). On the basis of foregoing summary, the results may be concluded as follow: The different bio-fertilizer treatments had significant influence on the vegetative growth, flowering and post-harvest of gladiolus in the present study. Application of bio fertilizer singly and in different combinations has significant effect on all the vegetative, floral and corms parameters. Therefore, among various bio fertilizers and their combinations, Azotobacter, PSB and Myccorhiza were found the best, followed by un-inoculated treatment show least value for these parameters during the seasons of experiment

Influence of crop geometry and cultivars on growth, yield and production efficiency of dry direct-seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.)

A field experiment was conducted during kharif (summer) season of 2014, aim of the experiment was to investigate suitable crop geometry and cultivar and their influences on performance of dry direct-seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.), experimental treatments were consisting of 15 treatments, namely, main plots: five cultivars (MTU 7029, NDR 97, HUR 105, HUR 4-3 and PRH-10) and sub-plots: three crop geometry’s (20 x 10, 20 x 20 and 25 x 25 cm2). All the data recorded were statistically analyzed using the standard procedures of split-plot design. The results indicated that amongst cultivars, aromatic rice hybrid PRH-10 recorded significantly more grain yield (5582.32 kg/ha) than cultivar HUR 4-3 (4612.99 kg/ha) and NDR 97 (3397.82 kg/ha), whereas; it was statistically comparable with cultivar MTU 7029 (5489.24 kg/ha) and HUR 105 (5022.03 kg/ha). The cultivar PRH-10 also registered higher gross return (105771.9 `/ha), net return (66389.08 `/ha) and production efficiency (592.76 `/ha/day) than the remaining cultivars. The higher grain yield of PRH-10 over these cultivars was due to considerable improvement in most of its yield attributing characters like panicle length (27.92 cm), a number of grains/panicle (178.70) and test weight (26.35 g). In a case of crop geometry treatment, plant spacing of 25 x 25 cm2 recorded higher grain yield as compared to remaining plant spacing while the plant spacing of 20 x 10 cm2 recorded higher gross return, net return and production efficiency as compared to 20 x 20 and 25 x 25 cm2. Plant geometry plays an imperative role towards improving the grain yield of cultivars in direct seeded rice by optimal utilization of natural resources. Therefore, for getting higher net return and production efficiency, cultivar PRH-10 at plant spacing 20 x 10 cm2 can be raised in dry direct-seeded rice in Varanasi region of Eastern Uttar Pradesh

Assessing the factors that influence a recurrence of congenital talipes equinovarus in children treated with the Ponseti method

Background: Congenital talipes equinovarus, also known as clubfoot, is one of the most common congenital malformations in pediatric orthopedics. With a checkered treatment history extending from Hippocrates' bandages to Kite's serial plaster cast application to surgical treatment, no single modality can claim to be a complete treatment. Methods: In a combined prospective and retrospective study at the Department of Orthopaedics of St. Stephen's Hospital, 192 patients with 292 clubfeet who met the inclusion criteria and received ethics committee approval were included. The purpose of the research was to identify early recurrence characteristics, undertake the Pirani scoring, and identify additional clinical characteristics to evaluate recurrence predictors. Results: In our study, out of 192 patients, 188 were successfully treated with the Ponseti casting technique combined with tendoachilles tenotomy; tenotomy was required in 177 patients (93%). Four patients were lost to follow-up. Nine out of sixty-one children in the six-month-to-one-year age group showed the maximum rate of recurrence (15%). The mean number of cast applications was 7.23. In all, 90% of children required casts ranging from four to eight in number. The syndromic association was seen in 10.4% of cases with club feet. Most common among them were neural tube defects (4.2%) and arthrogryposis (3% of cases). Fourteen out of 154 (or 9%) of the non-operated idiopathic patients had lateral border recurrence during an average follow-up of two years. According to the Pirani score, recurrence was seen in eight out of twenty (or 40% of) syndromic patients and five out of fourteen (or 35% of) operated cases. In 37% of recurrences, dynamic supination was observed. Conclusions: Even though Ponseti's approach to treating idiopathic clubfoot is widely regarded as the gold standard, recurrences are known to occur even in the best of circumstances. The most common cause of recurrence was poor brace compliance, with families citing a variety of reasons

Response of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) to vermicompost, mycorrhiza and micronutrients mixture

A field experiments on okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L Moench) cv. Arka Anamika” was conducted at Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalrapatan city, Jhalawar during the Kharif 2016-17 to study the effect of vermicompost, mycorrhiza and micronutrients mixture of 16 treatment combination i.e. vermicompost with two levels (2 tons/ha and 4 tons /ha), mycorrhiza with one level (Mycorrhiza seed treatment) and micronutrients mixture with two levels (50 ppm and 100 ppm). The observations revealed that the plant height of A. esculentus after 60 DAS (74 cm), plant height after 90 DAS (79.71cm), number of leaves / plant (43.17), main steam diameter (5.52 cm), number of primary branches per plant (5.10) of A. esculentus and lowest days to first flower bud emergence (33.53) of A. esculentus was noted maximum as compared to control. The results indicates that plant height, number of leaves per plant, main stem diameter, stem girth, number of primary branches increased significantly due to application of different levels of vermicompost, mycorrhiza and micronutrients mixture as compared to control. It is postulated that the vermicompost 2tons and 4tons + mycorrhiza seed treatment + micronutrients mixture 50ppm and 100ppm may positively regulate the A. esculentus growth improved. Therefore, application of vermicompost, mycorrhiza along with a mixture of micronutrients played a significant role on enhancing the growth of okra (A. esculentus) and can be applied to obtain the maximum crop yield of okra (A. esculentus)