Evaluation of anti-inflammatory effects of the aqueous extract of Stephania rotunda in experimental animals

Background: The objective of the current study was to analyse the anti-inflammatory effects of the aqueous extract of Stephania rotunda in experimental animals. Methods: It was an experimental study conducted in the experimental laboratory with 30 acclimatized healthy albino rats and mice divided into 5 groups namely A, B, C, D, and E fed with the aqueous extract of Stephania rotunda in laboratory conditions to assess the anti-inflammatory property using Carrageenan induced rat paw oedema for acute inflammation, granuloma pouch for sub-acute inflammation and Formaldehyde induced arthritis for chronic inflammation from 17th December 2019 to 22nd January 2021. Aspirin was taken as the standard drug. Data was analysed using Chi-square test. Results: In assessment for acute inflammation, the aqueous extract of Stephania rotunda in the doses of 500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg for groups B, C and D respectively produced 17.12%, 17.12% and 18.78% inhibition of paw oedema which was statistically significant when compared to 22.65% inhibition produced by 100mg/kg of the standard drug aspirin in group E. The groups B, C and D with the extract doses of 500mg/kg, 1000mg/kg and 2000mg/kg produced 43%, 60% and 77% inhibitions of exudate formation respectively which statistically was significant as compared to the Standard aspirin of group E which produced 62% inhibition of exudate formation. In chronic inflammation testing, both the extract and standard drugs produced highly significant inhibition of paw oedema when compared to inhibition produced by the Control. Conclusions: The aqueous extract of Stephania rotunda was found to be a potent anti-inflammatory drug when compared with Aspirin. Further tests are required in a larger scale so as to ascertain the effects for human consumption

A study on the knowledge, attitude and practice of junior doctors to adverse drug event reporting in a tertiary care hospital, Manipur

Background: The aim of the present study is to find out the ways to improve the status of adverse drug effect (ADE) reporting to the pharmacovigilance centres.Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional study with purposive sampling. Descriptive statistics is used for analysing the data from the questionnaire using frequencies and percentages.Results: The response on the questionnaire was 77.7%. The 90 participants knew the definition of ADE. The 91 participants want to report the ADEs of newly marketed drugs. Only 70 participants know about the existence of PvPI. The 80 participants did not consider all OTC drugs to be safe. 95 participants opined that all Herbal and non-allopathic drugs are not safe. The 69 participants replied that no ADE monitoring centre was available in SHIJA hospitals and research institute Pvt. Ltd. Though 90 participants knew the definition of ADE, only 85.1% of them considered to report it as a professional obligation. Maximum ADEs are seen with skin, paediatric and elderly patients as opined by 57.4% of the participants. Varied opinions of occurrence of ADEs according to the participants with polypharmacy was 70.3% and with foods and drinks was 40.6%. Although 85.1% participants have the attitude of reporting ADE, only 63.4% participants have good clarity when reporting and filling the ADE forms with careful observation of the risks and behaviour of the patients.Conclusions: To promote ADE reporting, a regular awareness cum sensitization programme coupled with CME program is necessary at various levels of health-care providers