Dissecting Photometric Redshift for Active Galactic Nucleus Using XMM- and Chandra-COSMOS Samples

In this paper, we release accurate photometric redshifts for 1692 counterparts to Chandra sources in the central square degree of the Cosmic Evolution Survey (COSMOS) field. The availability of a large training set of spectroscopic redshifts that extends to faint magnitudes enabled photometric redshifts comparable to the highest quality results presently available for normal galaxies. We demonstrate that morphologically extended, faint X-ray sources without optical variability are more accurately described by a library of normal galaxies (corrected for emission lines) than by active galactic nucleus (AGN) dominated templates, even if these sources have AGN-like X-ray luminosities. Preselecting the library on the bases of the source properties allowed us to reach an accuracy σ_(Δz/(1+z(spec))~0.015 with a fraction of outliers of 5.8% for the entire Chandra-COSMOS sample. In addition, we release revised photometric redshifts for the 1735 optical counterparts of the XMM-detected sources over the entire 2 deg^2 of COSMOS. For 248 sources, our updated photometric redshift differs from the previous release by Δz > 0.2. These changes are predominantly due to the inclusion of newly available deep H-band photometry (H_(AB) = 24 mag). We illustrate once again the importance of a spectroscopic training sample and how an assumption about the nature of a source together, with the number and the depth of the available bands, influences the accuracy of the photometric redshifts determined for AGN. These considerations should be kept in mind when defining the observational strategies of upcoming large surveys targeting AGNs, such as eROSITA at X-ray energies and the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder Evolutionary Map of the Universe in the radio band

Unitarity and the color confinement

We discuss how confinement property of QCD results in the rational unitarization scheme and how unitarity saturation leads to appearance of a hadron liquid phase at very high temperatures.Comment: 10 pages, no figire

FORMULATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF TOPICAL ANTI ACNE FORMULATION OF SPIRULINA EXTRACT

Objective: The objective of this research was to formulate and evaluate anti-acne ointment of C-phycocyanin(C-PC) extracted from spirulina.Methods: C-PC was successfully extracted from spirulina by using sonication and cold-maceration process and further purified by dialysis method. By employing disc diffusion and agar dilution method, antimicrobial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) of C-PC as determined against Propionibacterium acne (P. acne) and Staphylococcus epidermidis(S. epidermidis). Further, the two different formulations were prepared by using water soluble and oleaginous bases, and the formulations were characterized for particle size, viscosity, pH, consistency, drug diffusion, antimicrobial activity, and antioxidant effect and stability studies.Results: C-PC showed MIC value of 1.5±0.1 mg/ml and 1.8±0.2 mg/ml against P. acne and S. epidermidis respectively. The developed formulation had a globule diameter of 5.44 mm, pH of 6.8±0.09, the viscosity of 175±0.2cps, spreadability of an 8.6±0.12g. cm/sec and had good consistency. Both formulations were found stable among which, formulation B(FB) had maximum drug content of 95±0.6% and drug release was up to 92±0.8%.Conclusion: The prepared topical C-PC ointment can be successfully employed in the treatment of acneagainstP. acne and S. epidermidis

Wess-Zumino Terms in Supersymmetric Gauge Theories

The Wess-Zumino term is constructed for supersymmetric QCD with two colors and flavors, and is shown to correctly reproduce the anomalous Ward identities. Supersymmetric QCD is also shown not to have topologically stable skyrmion solutions because of baryon flat directions, which allow them to unwind. The generalization of these results to other supersymmetric theories with quantum modified constraints is discussed.Comment: 4 pages (revtex

FORMULATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF LENALIDOMIDE LOADED DELAYED RELEASE MINI TABLETS IN CAPSULES

Objective: Formulation and development of delayed release mini tablets in the capsule of drug lenalidomidein terms of dissolution and stability was the objective of the present work.Methods: Tablets of less than or equal to 3 millimetres diameter are Mini-tablets, which were filled into a capsule. Direct compression method using multi-tip punch was used for compression and coated with eudragit L100 as a seal coating material and with eudragit L30D55 as an enteric coating material was done. Different formulations were prepared and subjected for evaluation like weight variation, hardness, friability, disintegration, and dissolution studies. The optimized formulation was compared to marketed product based on drug released profile and also subjected for stability studies.Results: The results revealed that the in vitro drug release of prepared formulations, F1, F2, F3, and F4 was subjected for acid resistance test for 2 h in 0.1N HCl and has a comparable dissolution profile in phosphate buffer of 6.8 pH. FormulationF4 was subjected for stability studies and no significant difference was observed in 3 mo 40 °C/75% RH accelerated stability condition.Conclusion: The dissolution profile of formulation F4 was found better than that of market product. Based on evaluation results, the study concluded that F4formulationwas considered as an optimized formulation.Â

PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF SIMVASTATIN TRANSDERMAL FILM

Objective: The objective of the study was to prepare simvastatin transdermal films for the treatment of atherosclerosis and to evaluate the effect of concentration of polymer on penetration enhancement. Methods: Solvent evaporation technique was employed for the preparation of films and the prepared films were evaluated for various physicochemical properties of films such as tensile strength, thickness, surface pH, swellability, drug content, moisture content and folding endurance. In vitro drug, release study and release kinetics were also studied. Results: Tensile strength ranged from 3.56±0.343 to 4.56±0.12 (N/mm²). The films were of uniform weight. Thickness varied from 0.2±0.3 mm to 0.2±0.8 mm. Surface pH ranged from 6.6±0.14 to 6.9±0.16. Percentage swellability ranged from12.1±0.36 to 16.3±0.22. Percentage drug content ranged from 88.4±0.7% to 90.5±0.6% in all the formulation. Percentage moisture content ranged from 0.864 to 1.03%. Moisture uptake was from 2.6±0.24 to 2.9±0.072. The folding endurance test gave satisfactory results and F3 formulation showed maximum drug release. Conclusion: From the study, it was concluded that out of various formulations, the F3 formulation was found to be the optimum formulation with 88% drug release at the fourteenth hour

Biaxial Flexural Strength and Estimation of Size on the Strength Properties of FRP Composites

Fibre reinforced plastics (FRP) are widely used as structural materials. For designing structural components, a designer is provided with data based on unidirectional testing. But in real structural applications the component is subjected to multiaxial stress throughout the material. Hence a multiaxial test is a better gauge of the behaviour of FRP components in service. In the present paper a ring-on-ring method was adopted which produces biaxial flexural stress on the FRP specimen. Wubull's statistical weakest link theory was applied to standardize the complexity and to assess the reliability of the results

Model Independent Extraction of ∣Vbc∣|V_{\rm bc}| Without Heavy Quark Symmetry

A new method to extract $|V_{\rm bc}|$ is proposed based on a sum--rule for semileptonic decays of the $B$ meson. The method relies on much weaker assumptions than previous approaches which are based on heavy--quark symmetry. This sum--rule only relies on the assumption that the virtual $c \overline{c}$ pair content of the $B$ meson can be neglected. The extraction of the CKM matrix element also requires that the sum--rule saturates in the kinematically accessible region.Comment: 10 pages revtex3 manuscript. No figures, U. of MD PP #94--086. With our apologies, some innocuous errors corrected and some references added that had been brought to our attentio

Sciatica (Gridhrasi) - An Ayurveda Perspective

Large number of population suffers from low back pain. Chronic low back pain (CLBP) prevalence increases linearly from the third decade of life on, until the 60 years of age, being more prevalent in women. Sciatica is the most common debilitating condition causes CLBP. Radiating leg pain and related disabilities are the observed in sciatica. Nearly 40% people experience sciatic pain at some point in their life. The diagnosis of sciatica and its management varies considerably within and between countries. Conventional Medicine and surgery are widely used in the management of sciatica. There is radical rise in the use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) in patients with sciatica. Ayurveda is one of the widely used CAM in the recent past. Sciatica resembles the disease Gridharsi of Ayurveda. Gridharsi is one among the Vataja nanatmaja vyadhi, where dysfunction of Vata affect gridharsi nadi characterized by low back pain radiating to lower limbs, stiffness and pricking type of pain. It starts from kati- prishta (pelvic region and Lumbosacral) radiating to jangha paada (Thigh, Feets) with impairment of lifting the leg. The gait of the person is very similar to vulture (Gridhra) hence the name is given as Gridharsi. In this article, attempt has been made to review the Ayurvedic classics text and related literatures to understand the disease Gridharsi with emphasis on its samprapti on the basis of Kriyakala and role of Shodhana and Shamana chikitsa in the management of Gridharsi