NetiNeti : Discovery of Scientific Names from Text Using Machine Learning Methods Figure 1

Figure 1 demonstrates a series of training experiments with the Naïve Bayes classifier using different neighborhoods for contextual features, different sizes of positive and negative training examples and evaluated the resulting classifiers with our annotated gold standard corpus. The data sets are the results of running NetiNeti on subset of 136 PubMedCentral tagged open access articles and with no stop list.A scientific name for an organism can be associated with almost all biological data. Name identification is an important step in many text mining tasks aiming to extract useful information from biological, biomedical and biodiversity text sources. A scientific name acts as an important metadata element to link biological information.We present NetiNeti, a machine learning based approach for identification and discovery of scientific names. The system implementing the approach can be accessed at http://namefinding.ubio.org we present the comparison results of various machine learning algorithms on our annotated corpus. Naïve Bayes and Maximum Entropy with Generalized Iterative Scaling (GIS) parameter estimation are the top two performing algorithms

TOWARDS RESILIENCE IN CHENNAI

Global mean temperatures have increased, average sea levels have risen, snow cover has decreased, glaciers and icecaps have started to melt, thunderstorms and torrential rains have occurred in dry areas, all pointing towards climate change. NASA has mentioned that majority of the climate scientists agree that these indicators of climate-warming trends over the past century are mostly due to human activities. The United Nations has endorsed this position and forecasted that around 50 million people will become environmental refugees by the end of this decade (UNEP, 2005). Due to this, most of the world is debating how to reduce greenhouse emissions that cause climate change and how to build resilience to the inevitable effects of climate change through various climate summits. Even though the awareness of building resilience in cities exists around the world, developing nations are facing challenges in building resilient cities due to over population and unplanned growth in the process of rapid urbanisation and economic development.One such example is Chennai, a coastal city in India. Though the city has experienced major floods in 1943, 1978, and 2005; the recent unprecedented rainfall in the fall of 2015 caused by the El Nino phenomenon had collapsed Chennai with flash floods. This presented an Indian context of climate change crisis – which is a consequence of expanding cities over existing environmental systems thereby damaging them severely. The city of Chennai, from Pre Independence to Post Independence, has been filling natural ponds, lakes and marshes to expand the city to allow closer proximity to the city centre for economic development. While these actions have resulted in increased flooding during rain, conditions of water scarcity has been observed during summer. Hasty urbanization has given no regard to the traditional system of planning which had once respected nature and combated floods and droughts through the various cultural practices and taboos practiced by the people. Thus, it is essential to look back at the planning trajectory of Chennai and to recognise methods used traditionally in the region to survive the environmental disaster, making the city flood resilient. This research explores the possibilities of alternative and sustainable approaches for resilient urban development using the environmental disaster of Chennai’s 2015 flood as a case study. This examination uncovers the traditional, the British Raj-era, the post-Independence, and the contemporary development context in order to understand the local context for where and when coastal human settlement negatively impacted the natural system.As Eliot Scalar said, “adaptation is the key. If we need to reverse climate change, we first have to survive long enough to do that”- Century of the city- No time to loose (Rockefeller Foundation, 2008)

Synthesis, spectral characterization and in vitro microbiological evaluation of novel glyoxal, biacetyl and benzil bis-hydrazone macrocyclic Schiff bases and their Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes

A series of binuclear Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes were synthesized by the template condensation of glyoxal, biacetyl or benzil bis-hydrazide, 2,6-diformyl-4-methylphenol and Co(II), Ni(II) or Cu(II) chloride in a 2:2:2 M ratio in ethanol. These 22-membered macrocyclic complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, magnetic, molar conductance, spectral, thermal and fluorescence studies. Elemental analyses suggest the complexes have a 2:1 stoichiometry of the type M2LX2·nH2O and Ni2LX22H2O·nH2O (where M = Co(II) and Cu(II); L = H2L1, H2L 2 and H2L3; X = Cl; n = 2). From the spectroscopic and magnetic studies, it has been concluded that the Co(II) and Cu(II) complexes display a five coordinated square pyramidal geometry and the Ni(II) complexes have a six coordinated octahedral geometry. The Schiff bases and their metal complexes have also been screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activities by the MIC method. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Qualitative and Quantitative Evaluation of Static Code Analysis Tools

poster abstractStatic code analysis (SCA) is a methodology of detecting errors in programs without actually compiling the source code to binary format and executing it on a machine. The main goal of a SCA tool is to aid developers in quickly identifying errors that can jeopardize the security and integrity of the program. With the vast array of SCA tools available, each specializing in particular languages, error types, and detection methodologies, choosing the optimal tool(s) can be a daunting task for any software developer, or organization. This, however, is not a problem associated only with SCA tools, but applies to any application domain where many tools exist and a selection of a subset of these tools is needed for effectively tackling a given problem. To address this fundamental challenge with selecting the most appropriate SCA tool for a particular problem, this research is performing a comprehensive study of different available SCA tool, both commercial and open-source. The end goal of this study is to not only evaluate how different SCA tools perform with respect to locating specific errors in source code (i.e., the quality of the tool), but to model the behavior of each SCA tool using quantitative metrics gathered from the source code, such as source lines of code (SLOC), cyclometic complexity, and function points. The behavioral model can then be used to prescreen existing (and new) source code, and select the most appropriate SCA tool, or set of SCA tools, that can identify the most errors in the source code undergoing analysis

2-Amino-N-(2-methoxy­phen­yl)-4,5-dimethyl­thio­phene-3-carboxamide

In the title compound, C14H16N2O2S, the two aromatic rings make a dihedral angle of 13.9 (1)°. The crystal structure is stabilized by both inter- and intra­molecular N—H⋯O, C—H⋯O and C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds

Therapeutic Approach to the Management of Severe Asymptomatic Hyponatremia

Hyponatremia is an electrolyte imbalance encountered commonly in the hospital and ambulatory settings. It can be seen in isolation or present as a complication of other medical conditions. It is therefore a challenge to determine the appropriate therapeutic intervention. An understanding of the etiology is key in instituting the right treatment. Clinicians must not be too hasty to correct a random laboratory value without first understanding the physiologic principle. We present such a case of a patient who presented with sodium of 98 mmol/L, the lowest recorded in the current literature, and yet was asymptomatic. Following appropriate management driven by an understanding of the underlying pathophysiologic mechanism, the patient was managed to full recovery without any clinically significant neurological sequelae

TMJ & Its role in Prosthodontia: A Systematic Review

Aim The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate importance of TMJ and assessing the prevalence of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMJD) among the general population. Methodology Five main electronic databases and three grey literature were searched to identify observational studies in which TMJD was diagnosed using the research diagnostic criteria (RDC/TMD) or diagnostic criteria (DC/TMD). The studies were blindly selected by two reviewers based on eligibility criteria. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist, and the “R” Statistics software was used to perform meta-analyses. Results From 2741 articles, 21 were included. Ten studies were judged at low RoB, seven at moderate, and four at high. The TMJD investigated were as follows: arthralgia, disk displacement (DDs) with reduction (DDwR), DDwR with intermittent locking, DDs without reduction (DDwoR) with limited opening, DDwoR without limited opening, degenerative joint disease (DJD), osteoarthritis, osteoarthrosis, and subluxation. The main results from prevalence overall meta-analyses for adults/elderly are as follows: TMJD (31.1%), DDs (19.1%), and DJD (9.8%). Furthermore, for children/adolescents are as follows: TMJD (11.3%), DDs (8.3%), and DJD (0.4%). Considering the individual diagnosis meta-analyses, the most prevalent TMJD is DDwR for adults/elderly (25.9%) and children/adolescents (7.4%).&nbsp

Electronic effects on a mononuclear Co complex with a pentadentate ligand for catalytic H2 evolution

Previous studies of Co catalysts for H2 evolution have shown opposite effects between the redox potentials of Co centers and their catalytic properties such as the overpotential and turnover frequency: Co catalysts with more positive reduction potentials from structural modification display insignificant changes in the overpotential for H2 evolution and require stronger acid for catalysis, and Co catalysts with lower overpotentials show decreased turnover frequency for H2 evolution. In order to explore the electronic effects of a ligand scaffold on the catalytic properties for H2 evolution by a Co complex with a pentadentate ligand, N,N-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-2,2′-bipyridine-6-methanamine (DPA-Bpy), we replaced the pyridyls in DPA-Bpy with more basic isoquinoline groups. In contrast to data from previously reported studies, in the current study, a Co complex with a more positive reduction potential, resulting from the replacement of pyridyls with isoquinoline groups, leads to a lower overpotential and higher turnover frequency for both electro- and photocatalytic H2 production in neutral aqueous solution