The Rohingya issue and international migration: a historical perspective

This paper examines the Rohingya Muslim experience historically, but perhaps more significantly, it examines their experience through a contemporary humanitarian and human rights lens as well. Indeed, it begins with a brief history of the Rohingya Muslims in post-colonial Myanmar. The second section analyzes contemporary humanitarian developments. The third section explores several key human rights abuses perpetrated against the Rohingya Muslims. The final section concludes with recommendations

Bangladeshi migration to Italy: an analysis of motivational factors and process

This study examines and analyses of motivational factors and migration process based on primary survey conducts on 100 Bangladeshi rural households who have been at least one family member in Italy. Firstly, Participatory rural appraisal (PRA) method and finally factor analysis were used for data analysis. The study reveals unemployment is the main push factor for migration followed by lack of versatility of working sector in the destination and higher income opportunity is the main pull factor for migration followed by better job opportunity in the destination. It is also observed from the 20 push-pull factor that the different factor are divided into eight components matrix with the help of Principle Component Analysis (PCA) matrix which are despondency, ambition, expectation, resource, network, opportunity, return and Peer. This paper suggests that the similar type of study may be conducted by incorporating other more contextual and realistic independent variables to predict the livelihood of the migrants. Finally, this paper has concluded with some policy recommendations

Remittance model: a study of developing country in Bangladesh

This study examines and analyses migrant’s remittances model based on secondary sources as well as primary survey conducts on 300 Bangladeshi remittances senders in Malaysia. The survey revealed that formal banks and money transfer operators are still prominent channels/access points for sending remittances. However, it is interesting to note that digital channels, such as electronic money institutions (EMIs), payment service providers and online remittance providers, are beginning to become active. In addition, there are certain channels for sending and receiving remittances that are generally recognized at the global level as being “informal” or “semi-informal”. These include carrying cash either in person, through friends and relatives or through courier companies. Other examples may include businesses that are not licensed to carry out remittance transfers, but offer these as an unregulated side business. Informal fund transfer systems, such as the hawala system, where flows are netted off and transfers are based on established, trusted networks (which are unlicensed and unregistered), are also popular informal remittance systems. Finally, this paper has concluded with some policy recommendations

Macro determinants of remittance: Relationship between remittance and economic growth in Bangladesh

This paper examine the relation from remittances and trade to economic growth. Study applied time series econometric techniques; unit root, cointegration and error correction mechanism (ECM) to examine long-run and short-run association between dependent and independent variables during the period of 1976 to 2016. The results confirms a long-run relationship between remittance, trade and economic growth whereas no short-run causal relationship exists between remittances and economic growth, but trade shows significant influence even in the short run in GDP during the study period. It is expected that the findings would be useful to government and policy makers for internal policy formation in the area of utilization of remittance management of migration from Bangladesh

Motivations for Remittances: A Study of Rural Bangladesh Migrants in Italy

The aim of the paper is to highlight the variables that determine the propensity to receive remittances and the amount of remittances by households in rural Bangladesh. The empirical model incorporated the determinants of remittances in terms of observed migrant and household characteristics that are assumed to capture the underlying motives of remitting suggested by existing theories of remittances. This paper explores the motives that account for the receipt of remittances across rural households in Bangladesh who have migrants in Italy. Unlike most of the existing literature, the research question from the perspective of the recipient household and use it to interpret the determinants/motivations of remittances. The results show that a combination of household and migrant characteristics and some community level variables are the key elements in explaining the remittance behaviour in Bangladesh. Drawing from these estimates, this study conclude that altruism investment and kinship are the three main motives behind remittance flows to Bangladesh and both community variables (NELM and presence of networks in the host country) are strong determinants of the likelihood of receiving remittances by households

The New Economics of Labour Migration (NELM):Econometric Analysis of Remittances from Italy to Rural Bangladesh Based on Kinship Relation

This paper analysed the household head relation to the migrant and remittances determinants among ten villages on the remittances receiving households in rural Bangladesh. The household survey data from Bangladesh for the period of July to December, 2013, to analyse determinants of remittances at the left behind household members. Rather than multilevel models, use a three stages backward regressions elimination estimation process and build up econometric best fit model of remittances, which helps us the focus the analysis on the explanation of remittances determinants heterogeneity in micro-economic level of studies. The empirical findings suggest that the household head relation to the migrant is one of the strong determinants of remittances as well as other variables. In addition, the household head relation to migrant such a father, mother, brother and wife also have different influential factors while the most common variable as number of visit by the migrant at the origin is strongly associates with all the relationship to the migrant although level of significance has slightly discrimination. Overall, the findings suggests that the age of migrant are strongly associates with father, wife and brother relation of the household head while the age of household head as father and wife. The investment in housing development strongly associates wife, brother and mother household head whereas household living expenses with father and wife. Individual determinants such as household income, land and marital status of the migrant are strongly associates with father, wife and mother household head respectively

A Theory of Matriarchism: The Universal Origins of Humanity

Evidence of the evolutionary mechanisms in biodiversity, physiology and physical adaptations, and reproduction exists in the fossil record and across extant species; and in the development of psychology, civilization and theology in the human species. How is our knowledge of the origins of our humanity clarified by these examples? What were the circumstances of our beginnings as a uniquely human species in this world? While the question is straightforward, the answer appears to be elusive. In fact, the answer is actually easy to identify; the beginnings of the human species are obvious, and are exemplified in every human individual. Every human bears upon their body physical evidence which connects us to the moment of our own birth; the navel is the remaining proof of our arrival on earth, and of our separation from the mother who birthed us. Despite the many differences among the peoples of the world, this is one aspect of our existence shared universally by everyone. This paper argues, given the evidence of the human navel, that our shared humanity is the result of being born and then separated from a mother; human women are the vessels of human existence and humanity itself. Every human individual receives this humanity through countless generations of ever more related ancestral women, ultimately from the very first human mother. Although we presently lack the scientific method to show these genealogies of connection between individuals, this paper explores how understanding these connections help to answer the question of human origins

The Theory of Matriarchism: The Universal Origin of Human

There are evolutionary information, evidence from fossil records, physical adaptations, the rise of Homo sapiens, the evolution of civilization, physiology, reproduction, the life cycle, biodiversity, structural diversity, psychology and theology, after all these theories, example and explanation, can we say something that will clarify our knowledge of how we humans are actually born? What is the true outline of our birth in this world? The question is simple but where can I get the right answer? Does the answer seem much easier to us than the question? So the real outline can only be found by doing a review by identifying someone around you as a sample. There is a physical external connection with my birth which we call the navel. This navel is the bond of my birth and as soon as I came to earth it was or is separated from my mother. Although there are many types of people in today's world, there is still no evidence that this process is an exception. So the correct answer through this paper is that man was born on earth separated from his/her mother by his/her own navel and only a woman on earth can save human existence. If we can reconnect all the navels of the world, we will see that our source is from a single woman. Reconnecting the navels may not be possible even in the current age of epistemology, but a closer look at the images, thus, this paper is unveiling the simple answer to our difficult question will emerge before our eyes

Labour migration between developing economy to developing country: A case study of Bangladesh and Malaysia

This study examines and analyses the phenomena of unskilled temporary male labour migration from Bangladesh to Malaysia by focusing upon the decision making process, its economic and social impact at the point of origin, and the significance of the role of networks at origin and destination. This analysis contributes to the knowledge on transnational migration flows particularly focused on the attributes studied in the topic. It is anticipated that this study is generate insights and deeper understanding of how the migration decision making process operates, how risks, costs and benefits are assessed by the household unit, to what extent temporary migration is a result of livelihood diversification strategies and how important social networks and social capital reduces the costs and risks of migration. The theoretical analysis and empirical outcomes provides a conceptual model between developing nation to developing country unskilled labour migration process and consequences. Moreover, the findings from this study contribute to migration policies and programs of both the sending and receiving countries by a deeper understanding of this phenomenon, its theoretical underpinnings and the formulation of relevant Government policies and programs pertaining to the international migration of workers

Socioeconomic impact of rural urban migration: A revisit of slum dwellers in northern region of Bangladesh

This paper examines the socioeconomic impacts of regional rural urban migration of marginal segment in Rajshahi city corporation slum areas in Bangladesh. Key objective of this article is to examine the results of the first phase, i.e, the findings of the 2003-04 survey, compare with the recent outcomes, whether or not there is any change in the interval of time, and to see the significance level of each variable. For this purpose, primary survey data were collected of 300 randomly selected respondents by using semi-structured questionnaire in slum areas. To analyse the data, the econometric model is developed to observe the association between dependent and the exploratory socioeconomic impacts variables. Statistically advance technique by establishing a backward elimination regression process to analyse the cross-sectional survey data. Therefore, in the long regression model indicate twelve variables are significant while short regression delve out only ten extremely significant variables that are in the place of destination: economic conditions, increasing savings, poverty level increase, cultural adjustment problem and children educational opportunity; and at the origin: investment in housing development, investment in land purchase, help to relative by providing job, participating social activities and loan repayment. The duration of almost fifteen years period, there is a periodical change also explores the positive socioeconomic impacts of slum households. Thus this study suggested longitude depth research compare to migrate and non-migrated households at the origin as well as destination to find overall impacts for the both societies