19,947 research outputs found
A VLA Survey For Faint Compact Radio Sources in the Orion Nebula Cluster
We present Karl G. Janksy Very Large Array (VLA) 1.3 cm, 3.6 cm, and 6 cm
continuum maps of compact radio sources in the Orion Nebular Cluster. We
mosaicked 34 square arcminutes at 1.3 cm, 70 square arcminutes at 3.6 cm and
109 square arcminutes at 6 cm, containing 778 near-infrared detected YSOs and
190 HST-identified proplyds (with significant overlap between those
characterizations). We detected radio emission from 175 compact radio sources
in the ONC, including 26 sources that were detected for the first time at these
wavelengths. For each detected source we fit a simple free-free and dust
emission model to characterize the radio emission. We extrapolate the free-free
emission spectrum model for each source to ALMA bands to illustrate how these
measurements could be used to correctly measure protoplanetary disk dust masses
from sub-millimeter flux measurements. Finally, we compare the fluxes measured
in this survey with previously measured fluxes for our targets, as well as four
separate epochs of 1.3 cm data, to search for and quantify variability of our
sources.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures, 4 tables, ApJ, in pres
Collective treatment of High Energy Thresholds in SUSY - GUTs
Supersymmetric GUTs are the most natural extension of the Standard model
unifying electroweak and strong forces. Despite their indubitable virtues,
among these the gauge coupling unification and the quantization of the electric
charge, one of their shortcomings is the large number of parameters used to
describe the high energy thresholds (HET), which are hard to handle. We present
a new method according to which the effects of the HET, in any GUT model, can
be described by fewer parameters that are randomly produced from the original
set of the parameters of the model. In this way, regions favoured by the
experimental data are easier to locate, avoiding a detailed and time consuming
exploration of the parameter space, which is multidimensional even in the most
economic unifying schemes. To check the efficiency of this method, we directly
apply it to a SUSY SO(10) GUT model in which the doublet-triplet splitting is
realized through the Dimopoulos-Wilczek mechanism. We show that the demand of
gauge coupling unification, in conjunction with precision data, locates regions
of the parameter space in which values of the strong coupling \astrong are
within the experimental limits, along with a suppressed nucleon decay, mediated
by a higgsino driven dimension five operators, yielding lifetimes that are
comfortably above the current experimental bounds. These regions open up for
values of the SUSY breaking parameters m_0, M_1/2 < 1 TeV being therefore
accessible to LHC.Comment: 21 pages, 8 figures, UA-NPPS/BSM-10/02 (added
Composition of Jupiter irregular satellites sheds light on their origin
Irregular satellites of Jupiter with their highly eccentric, inclined and
distant orbits suggest that their capture took place just before the giant
planet migration. We aim to improve our understanding of the surface
composition of irregular satellites of Jupiter to gain insight into a narrow
time window when our Solar System was forming. We observed three Jovian
irregular satellites, Himalia, Elara, and Carme, using a medium-resolution
0.8-5.5 micro m spectrograph on the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA) Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF). Using a linear
spectral unmixing model we have constrained the major mineral phases on the
surface of these three bodies. Our results confirm that the surface of Himalia,
Elara, and Carme are dominated by opaque materials such as those seen in
carbonaceous chondrite meteorites. Our spectral modeling of NIR spectra of
Himalia and Elara confirm that their surface composition is the same and
magnetite is the dominant mineral. A comparison of the spectral shape of
Himalia with the two large main C-type asteroids, Themis (D 176 km) and Europa
(D 352 km), suggests surface composition similar to Europa. The NIR spectrum of
Carme exhibits blue slope up to 1.5 microm and is spectrally distinct from
those of Himalia and Elara. Our model suggests that it is compositionally
similar to amorphous carbon. Himalia and Elara are compositionally similar but
differ significantly from Carme. These results support the hypotheses that the
Jupiter irregular satellites are captured bodies that were subject to further
breakup events and clustered as families based on their similar physical and
surface compositions
Mesons and tachyons with confinement and chiral restoration, and NA60
In this paper the spectrum of quark-antiquark systems, including light mesons
and tachyons, is studied in the true vacuum and in the chiral invariant vacuum.
The mass gap equation for the vacua and the Salpeter-RPA equation for the
mesons are solved for a simple chiral invariant and confining quark model. At
T=0 and in the true vacuum, the scalar and pseudoscalar, or the vector and
axial vector are not degenerate, and in the chiral limit, the pseudoscalar
groundstates are Goldstone bosons. At T=0 the chiral invariant vacuum is an
unstable vacuum, decaying through an infinite number of scalar and pseudoscalar
tachyons. Nevertheless the axialvector and vector remain mesons, with real
masses. To illustrate the chiral restoration, an arbitrary path between the two
vacua is also studied. Different families of light-light and heavy-light
mesons, sensitive to chiral restoration, are also studied. At higher
temperatures the potential must be suppressed, and the chiral symmetry can be
restored without tachyons, but then all mesons have small real masses.
Implications for heavy-ion collisions, in particular for the recent vector
meson spectra measured by the NA60 collaboration, are discussed.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, 3 table
Statistical Mechanics of Relativistic One-Dimensional Self-Gravitating Systems
We consider the statistical mechanics of a general relativistic
one-dimensional self-gravitating system. The system consists of -particles
coupled to lineal gravity and can be considered as a model of
relativistically interacting sheets of uniform mass. The partition function and
one-particle distitrubion functions are computed to leading order in
where is the speed of light; as results for the
non-relativistic one-dimensional self-gravitating system are recovered. We find
that relativistic effects generally cause both position and momentum
distribution functions to become more sharply peaked, and that the temperature
of a relativistic gas is smaller than its non-relativistic counterpart at the
same fixed energy. We consider the large-N limit of our results and compare
this to the non-relativistic case.Comment: latex, 60 pages, 22 figure
Exact Black Hole and Cosmological Solutions in a Two-Dimensional Dilaton-Spectator Theory of Gravity
Exact black hole and cosmological solutions are obtained for a special
two-dimensional dilaton-spectator () theory of gravity. We show how
in this context any desired spacetime behaviour can be determined by an
appropriate choice of a dilaton potential function and a ``coupling
function'' in the action. We illustrate several black hole solutions
as examples. In particular, asymptotically flat double- and multiple- horizon
black hole solutions are obtained. One solution bears an interesting
resemblance to the string-theoretic black hole and contains the same
thermodynamic properties; another resembles the Reissner-Nordstrom
solution. We find two characteristic features of all the black hole solutions.
First the coupling constants in must be set equal to constants of
integration (typically the mass). Second, the spectator field and its
derivative both diverge at any event horizon. A test particle with
``spectator charge" ({\it i.e.} one coupled either to or ),
will therefore encounter an infinite tidal force at the horizon or an
``infinite potential barrier'' located outside the horizon respectively. We
also compute the Hawking temperature and entropy for our solutions. In
cosmology, two non-singular solutions which resemble two exact solutions
in string-motivated cosmology are obtained. In addition, we construct a
singular model which describes the standard non-inflationary big bang
cosmology (). Motivated by the
similaritiesbetween and gravitational field equations in
cosmology, we briefly discuss a special dilaton-spectator action
constructed from the bosonic part of the low energy heterotic string action andComment: 34 pgs. Plain Tex, revised version contains some clarifying comments
concerning the relationship between the constants of integration and the
coupling constants
Numerical modeling of dynamic powder compaction using the Kawakita equation of state
Dynamic powder compaction is analyzed using the assumption that the powder behaves, while it is being compacted, like a hydrodynamic fluid in which deviatoric stress and heat conduction effects can be ignored throughout the process. This enables techniques of computational fluid dynamics such the equilibrium flux method to be used as a modeling tool. The equation of state of the powder under compression is assumed to be a modified version of the Kawakita loading curve. Computer simulations using this model are performed for conditions matching as closely as possible with those from experiments by Page and Killen [Powder Metall. 30, 233 (1987)]. The numerical and experimental results are compared and a surprising degree of qualitative agreement is observed
Phenomenology of 10^32 Dark Sectors
We postulate an exact permutation symmetry acting on 10^32 Standard Model
copies as the largest possible symmetry extension of the Standard Model. This
setup automatically lowers the fundamental gravity cutoff down to TeV, and
thus, accounts for the quantum stability of the weak scale. We study the
phenomenology of this framework and show that below TeV energies the copies are
well hidden, obeying all the existing observational bounds. Nevertheless, we
identify a potential low energy window into the hidden world, the oscillation
of the neutron into its dark copies. At the same time, proton decay can be
suppressed by gauging the diagonal baryon number of the different copies. This
framework offers an alternative approach to several particle physics questions.
For example, we suggest a novel mechanism for generating naturally small
neutrino masses that are suppressed by the number of neutrino species. The
mirror copies of the Standard Model naturally house dark matter candidates. The
general experimentally observable prediction of this scenario is an emergence
of strong gravitational effects at the LHC. The low energy permutation symmetry
powerfully constrains the form of this new gravitational physics and allows to
make observational predictions, such as, production of micro black-holes with
very peculiar properties.Comment: 36 pages. v2, note added on oscillation of neutral state, Refs. adde
Covariance and Time Regained in Canonical General Relativity
Canonical vacuum gravity is expressed in generally-covariant form in order
that spacetime diffeomorphisms be represented within its equal-time phase
space. In accordance with the principle of general covariance, the time mapping
{\T}: {\yman} \to {\rman} and the space mapping {\X}: {\yman} \to {\xman}
that define the Dirac-ADM foliation are incorporated into the framework of the
Hilbert variational principle. The resulting canonical action encompasses all
individual Dirac-ADM actions, corresponding to different choices of foliating
vacuum spacetimes by spacelike hypersurfaces. In this framework, spacetime
observables, namely, dynamical variables that are invariant under spacetime
diffeomorphisms, are not necessarily invariant under the deformations of the
mappings \T and \X, nor are they constants of the motion. Dirac observables
form only a subset of spacetime observables that are invariant under the
transformations of \T and \X and do not evolve in time. The conventional
interpretation of the canonical theory, due to Bergmann and Dirac, can be
recovered only by postulating that the transformations of the reference system
({\T},{\X}) have no measurable consequences. If this postulate is not deemed
necessary, covariant canonical gravity admits no classical problem of time.Comment: 41 pages, no figure
Hyperfine Populations Prior to Muon Capture
It is shown that the 1S level hyperfine populations prior to muon capture
will be statistical when either target or beam are unpolarised independent of
the atomic level at which the hyperfine interaction becomes appreciable. This
assertion holds in the absence of magnetic transitions during the cascade and
is true because of minimal polarisation after atomic capture and selective
feeding during the cascade.Comment: (revtex, 6 preprint pages, no figures
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