605 research outputs found
Predicting young driver behaviour from pre-driver attitudes, intentions and road behaviour
Drivers under 25 years are over-represented in global road accident statistics. The Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) has been used to identify individuals who are likely to engage in behaviours, such as speeding, which are associated with increased accident involvement. In an attempt to investigate adolescentsā attitudes and behaviours from pre- to post-driver training, the studies presented incorporate past behaviour into the TPB.
Three questionnaire-based studies were conducted in Scotland and New Zealand. The first study explored adolescent pre-driversā road behaviour, driving attitudes and speeding intentions. Adolescentsā with the greatest speeding intentions frequently engaged in high-risk road behaviour and had more accepting attitudes towards driving violations. The second study explored the development of attitudes and intentions from pre- to post-driver training. Drivers who frequently violated reported more accepting attitudes towards violations and engagement in frequent high-risk road behaviours as pre-drivers. The third study assessed the stability of pre-driversā driving attitudes and speeding intentions. Adolescentsā attitudes and intentions fluctuated significantly; however, males reported riskier driving attitudes and greater speeding intentions.
This research suggests that the role of road safety education and pre-driver interventions on future driving behaviour has been under-estimated. Interventions that simultaneously reinforce safe road practices and motivate the reduction of dangerous practices will influence the future of adolescents as safe drivers
Low-noise quantum frequency conversion in a monolithic bulk ppKTP cavity
Interfacing the different building blocks of a future large scale quantum
network will demand efficient and noiseless frequency conversion of quantum
light. Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond are a leading candidate to form
the nodes of such a network. However, the performance of a suitable converter
remains a bottleneck, with existing demonstrations severely limited by
parasitic noise arising at the target telecom wavelength. Here, we demonstrate
a new platform for efficient low-noise quantum frequency conversion based on a
monolithic bulk ppKTP cavity and show its suitability for the conversion of 637
nm single photons from NV centers in diamond to telecommunication wavelengths.
By resonantly enhancing the power of an off-the-shelf pump laser, we achieve an
internal conversion efficiency of while generating only
(110\pm 4) \mbox{ kHz/nm} noise at the target wavelength without the need for
any active stabilization. This constitutes a 5-fold improvement in noise over
existing state-of-the-art single-step converters at this wavelengths. We verify
the almost ideal preservation of non-classical correlations by converting
photons from a spontaneous parametric down-conversion source and moreover show
the preservation of time-energy entanglement via Franson interferometry.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures, 2 table
Suicide prevention: update of the summary of evidence
This document has been produced by the Vulnerable Groups Team of the Public Health
Wales NHS Trust in conjunction with the Support Unit for Research Evidence at Cardiff
University. It updates the document originally published by the National Public Health
Service for Wales in 2007. This document brings together evidence relevant to the
prevention of suicide and self harm. It adopts a public health approach to prevention and
the evidence is presented at four levels. The document is primarily to support the health
boards in developing suicide prevention plans but will be of relevance to other agencies
and individuals with an interest in suicide and self harm preventio
Effectiveness of a Multidisciplinary Rehabilitation Program Following Shoulder Injury
Background: Shoulder injuries in working age adults result in a major cost to the health care system. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a new multidisciplinary rehabilitation program and to explore factors that affected a successful return to work (RTW) in injured workers with shoulder problems who received this program.
Methods: This was a prospective longitudinal study. The patient-oriented outcome measures were the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH). Range of motion (ROM) in flexion, abduction, and external rotation and strength in lifting and push/pull were documented. All outcomes were measured before and at the completion of the program.
Results: Data of 68 patients were used for analysis. All outcomes showed a statistically significant improvement over time.
Conclusions: Multidisciplinary rehabilitation programs help to improve pain, disability, ROM, strength, and facilitate RTW. Higher stress and a fast-paced work environment increased the risk of not progressing in work status
āCoaching and Peer Assisted Learningā (CāPAL) ā the mental health nursing student experience: a qualitative evaluation
Introduction: This paper presents findings from a study that evaluated mental health nursing studentsā experience of a team mentoring model called Coaching and Peer Assisted Learning (C-PAL). At present there are no published research studies into the effectiveness of team mentorship utilised by nursing students within inpatient mental health settings. Aim: The study utilised an interpretist methodology where the focus was on individuals in their social world. Method: Two focus groups were held with fifteen students who had experienced C-PAL in four in-patient wards. Findings: Studentsā overall experience of piloting C-PAL was positive. Learning opportunities (Theme 3) appeared to be dependent on the quality of peer support (Theme 5) which in turn, enhanced the learner experience and increased the level of student confidence (Theme 6). Less positive experiences included inadequate preparation (Theme 1), poor understanding of the model and competition for learning experiences. Implications for practice: We tentatively suggest that team mentorship models such as C-PAL may be suitable for acute in-patient mental health settings. The success of C-PAL depends upon the preparation of nursing staff, mentors (Theme 4), coaches and students in relation to role expectations, shift rostering (Theme 2) and the implementation of āhuddlingā to promote opportunistic learning
The perspectives of senior researchers in applied disciplines on the current state of developmental attachment research: an interview study
Based on interviews with leading researchers and researcher-clinicians in fields allied to attachment research, this paper describes participantsā perceptions of contemporary attachment research in the developmental tradition. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 13 research leaders in applied disciplines cognate to attachment research. Participants perceived attachment research as having played a foundational role for developmental science, including highlighting the importance of a developmental perspective and attention to early caregiving experiences. They also identified important contemporary strengths in developmental attachment research, including the observational acuity and insightfulness of its measures, its attention to dyadic processes in contrast to much of biomedicine, the development of a number of attachment-based interventions with well-articulated mechanisms of action, and the capacity of developmental attachment concepts to resonate with clinical and popular audiences. However, participants suggested that the developmental tradition is also perceived as having a comparatively high ācost of entry,ā and consequently they warned that it has become somewhat separated from wider developmental science, with its growing prominence of biological research, scalability of methods, and less reliance on theory. Participants perceived both strengths and weaknesses to contemporary developmental attachment research. However they felt that the classic concerns of developmental attachment research were placing the field potentially at odds with current trends in developmental science
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