Effects of NSAIDs in rats with adjuvant arthritis.

<p>Despite comparable suppression of paw swelling (panel A), gastric prostaglandin synthesis (panel B) and whole blood thromboxane synthesis (panel C), ATB-346 and NCX 429 did not cause significant gastric (panel D) or intestinal (panel E) damage. Celecoxib also did not cause significant GI damage. *p<0.05, **p<0.01 versus the naproxen-treated group. n = 8 per group.</p

Co-administration of naproxen or celecoxib with omeprazole and/or low-dose aspirin results in marked exacerbation of small intestinal damage.

<p>In contrast, rats given a naproxen derivative (ATB-346 or NCX 429) did not develop significant intestinal injury when given alone or in combination with omeprazole, low-dose aspirin, or both. *p<0.05, **p<0.01 versus the corresponding group treated with NSAID alone (n≥6 per group). Aspirin and omeprazole, alone or given together, did not elicit significant intestinal damage.</p

Increased naproxen-induced small intestinal damage in obese versus lean rats.

<p>Neither lean nor obese rats developed intestinal damage when given ATB-346. **p<0.01 versus the corresponding vehicle- and ATB-346-treated rats. n = 6 rats per group.</p

Serum and biliary levels of naproxen are significantly reduced in rats given a naproxen derivative (ATB-346 or NCX 429) as compared to the levels observed in rats given an equimolar dose of naproxen itself.

<p>The test drugs were administered twice-daily for 2 days. *p<0.05, **p<0001 versus the naproxen-treated group. n = 4 per group.</p

Older (19 months of age) rats develop extensive gastric damage when given naproxen, but not when given equimolar doses of a hydrogen sulfide-releasing naproxen derivative (ATB-346) or a nitric oxide-releasing naproxen derivative (NCX 429).

<p>***p<0.001 versus the vehicle-treated group. n =  6 rats per group.</p

Study of molecular mechanisms of pro-apoptotic activity of NCX 4040, a novel nitric oxide-releasing aspirin, in colon cancer cell lines-0

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Study of molecular mechanisms of pro-apoptotic activity of NCX 4040, a novel nitric oxide-releasing aspirin, in colon cancer cell lines"</p><p>http://www.translational-medicine.com/content/5/1/52</p><p>Journal of Translational Medicine 2007;5():52-52.</p><p>Published online 30 Oct 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2174440.</p><p></p>μM, followed by a 24-hour wash-out. Growth inhibition and cytocidal effect of drugs were calculated according to Monks' formula, as reported in Materials and methods. Each point indicates the mean of at least three experiments; SD never exceeded 5%

Study of molecular mechanisms of pro-apoptotic activity of NCX 4040, a novel nitric oxide-releasing aspirin, in colon cancer cell lines-4

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Study of molecular mechanisms of pro-apoptotic activity of NCX 4040, a novel nitric oxide-releasing aspirin, in colon cancer cell lines"</p><p>http://www.translational-medicine.com/content/5/1/52</p><p>Journal of Translational Medicine 2007;5():52-52.</p><p>Published online 30 Oct 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2174440.</p><p></p>tibody that specifically recognizes the presence of nuclear 8-hydroxyguanine lesions, which are almost exclusively elicited by oxidative stress. Each 100× magnification shows a detail of the corresponding 40× photo. All the pictures are representative of three independent experiments

R a 24-hour exposure to 10 μM and 50 μM of NCX 4040, respectively, as evidenced by DAPI staining

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Study of molecular mechanisms of pro-apoptotic activity of NCX 4040, a novel nitric oxide-releasing aspirin, in colon cancer cell lines"</p><p>http://www.translational-medicine.com/content/5/1/52</p><p>Journal of Translational Medicine 2007;5():52-52.</p><p>Published online 30 Oct 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2174440.</p><p></p> . Genomic DNA isolated from LoVo () and LRWZ () cells after different exposure times to NCX 4040 was electrophoresed on 1.5 % agarose gel to detect internucleosomal DNA fragmentation. () (10-μM concentration of NCX 4040): lane a, untreated; lane b, 2-hour exposure; lane c, 4-hour exposure; lane d, 6-hour exposure; lane e, 24-hour exposure. () (50-μM concentration of NCX 4040): lane a, untreated; lane b, 2-hour exposure; lane c, 4-hour exposure; lane d, 8-hour exposure; lane e, 16-hour exposure; lane f, 24-hour exposure; lane g, 48-hour exposure

Study of molecular mechanisms of pro-apoptotic activity of NCX 4040, a novel nitric oxide-releasing aspirin, in colon cancer cell lines-5

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Study of molecular mechanisms of pro-apoptotic activity of NCX 4040, a novel nitric oxide-releasing aspirin, in colon cancer cell lines"</p><p>http://www.translational-medicine.com/content/5/1/52</p><p>Journal of Translational Medicine 2007;5():52-52.</p><p>Published online 30 Oct 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2174440.</p><p></p>of apoptotic cells after exposure of WiDr and LRWZ cells to NS398, NCX 4040 or both drugs

Study of molecular mechanisms of pro-apoptotic activity of NCX 4040, a novel nitric oxide-releasing aspirin, in colon cancer cell lines-6

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Study of molecular mechanisms of pro-apoptotic activity of NCX 4040, a novel nitric oxide-releasing aspirin, in colon cancer cell lines"</p><p>http://www.translational-medicine.com/content/5/1/52</p><p>Journal of Translational Medicine 2007;5():52-52.</p><p>Published online 30 Oct 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2174440.</p><p></p>d LoVo Dx cells were analyzed by real-time RT-PCR