Enantioselective Dynamic Process Reduction of α- and β-Tetralone and Stereoinversion of Resulting Alcohols in a Selected Strain Culture

α-Tetralone and β-tetralone were subjected to biotransformation by 14 fungal strains. Enantiomeric purity of the products depended on the reaction time. 3-Day transformation of α-tetralone in Absidia cylindrospora culture gave S-(+)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naftol of 92 % ee, whereas longer biotransformation time resulted in decrease of ee value. 3-Day transformation of β-tetralone by the same strain gave predominantly S-(−)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-naftol, whereas after 9 days of the reaction, the R-enantiomer with 85 % ee was isolated. Transformation of β-tetralone by Chaetomium sp. KCh 6651 gave pure (S)-(−)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-naftol in high yield at the concentration of 1 g/l. In this process, a non-selective carbonyl reduction was observed, followed by a selective oxidation of the R-alcohol

Restructuring surgical training after COVID-19 pandemic: A nationwide survey on the Italian scenario on behalf of the Italian polyspecialistic young surgeons society (SPIGC)

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the disruption of surgical training. Lack of communication, guidelines for managing clinical activity as well as concerns for safety in the workplace appeared to be relevant issues. This study aims to investigate how surgical training has been reorganized in Italy, almost 2 years after the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods: A 16-item-electronic anonymous questionnaire was designed through SurveyMonkey© web application. This survey was composed of different sections concerning demographic characteristics and impacts of the second COVID-19 pandemic wave on surgical and research/didactic activities. Changes applied in the training programme and activities carried out were also investigated. The survey was carried out in the period between June and October 2021. Results: Four hundred and thirty responses were collected, and 399 were considered eligible to be included in the study analysis. Three hundred and thirty-five respondents continued working in Surgical Units, with a significant reduction (less than one surgical session per week) of surgical sessions in 49.6% of them. With concern to didactic and research activities, 140 residents maintained their usual activity, while 116 reported a reduction. A sub-group analysis on resident moved to COVID-19 departments showed a reduction of research activities in 35% of them. During the period considered in this survey, the surgical training program was not substantially modified for most of participants (74.6%). Conclusion: Our survey demonstrated that surgical residency programs haven't improved 2 years after the beginning of the pandemic. Further improvements are needed to guarantee completeness of surgical training, even in emergency conditions

New guanosine 5\u2019-phosphate derivatives as flavor enhancers

A number of N2 -alkyl and N2 -acyl derivatives of guanosine 5\u2019-phosphate (2 and 3) have been synthesized as potential flavor enhancers and tested for their synergistic effect with monosodium-L-glutamate (MSG), the prototypical substance imparting umami taste to savory-based foods

STUDIES ON ALOE .2. ALOERESIN-C, A BITTER C,O-DIGLUCOSIDE FROM CAPE ALOE

A new bitter C,O-diglucoside, aloeresin C, was isolated from commercial Cape aloe. Its structure, 2-acetonyl-7-O-\u3b2-D-glucopyranosyl-8-C-\u3b2-D-[2\u2032-O-(E)-p-coumaroyl]glucopyranosyl-5-methylchromone, was established by spectral and chemical methods

Regio- and stereoselective hydrogenation of methyl substituted pentadien-1-ols by baker's yeast

(E)-2-methyl- and (E)-3-methyl-2,4-pentadien-1-ols are reduced to (S)-2-methyl- and (S)-3-methyl-4-penten-1-ols, respectively, using baker's yeast as a regio- and stereoselective reagent. This microbiological conversion provides an efficient route to bifunctional and enantiomerically pure C6-building blocks containing the C' -CH(Me )-C'' grouping

A convenient synthesis of both the anomers of ethyl (2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-D-glucopyranosyl)acetate

The \u3b1- and \u3b2-anomers of ethyl (2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-D-glucopyranosyl) acetate, useful intermediates for the synthesis of alkyl C-glucosides, can be obtained in good yields by reaction of tetra-O-benzylglucose with triethyl phosphonoacetate according to the Wittig-Horner procedure