MW assisted synthesis of some heterocyclic compounds and their Mannich bases under solvent free conditions and their biological assay

A highly efficient MW assisted synthesis of different nitrogen containing heterocyclic compounds under solvent free conditions was reported. Their aminomethylation was carried out on acidic alumina under microwave irradiation to give the corresponding Mannich bases. The method is clean, fast, facile, efficient, low cost and environmentally benign. The structure of synthesized compounds has been characterized on the basis of their elemental analysis and spectral data. These compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi

Performance Analysis of Multiple Access Techniques for LTE system under Symbol Error Rate (SER) Calculation

In the recent years, so many technologies in multiple access trends have influenced the field of Wireless Sensor Networks in significant ways. Various trends are readily available technology of ubiquitous wireless sensor networks as well as wireless communication networks and progress in the development of two multiple access techniques are compared in this scenario: the OFDMA and SC-FDMA. The OFDMA and SC-FDMA transceivers are modeled and simulated considering both the interleaved and localized subcarriers mapping schemes. WSNs have the potentiality to connect the physical world with the virtual world by forming a network of sensor nodes. To prolong the networklsquo;s hop in terms of single and two hop using both techniques should be used in the sensor nodes. The minimization of computing and storage platforms as well as the development of novel micro sensors and sensor materials with high reliability force encourages technology in research on WSN. In this paper, we will proposed the field of multipath routing in wireless sensor networks, and mainly focus on the technology of SER of WSNs

Literature Survey of Security Enhancement in MANET Routing Protocols of WLANs

A Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is an autonomous collection of mobile users that communicate over relatively bandwidth constrained wireless links. One of the main issues in such networks is performance- in a dynamically changing topology; the nodes are expected to be power-aware due to the bandwidth constrained network. Another issue in such networks is security - since every node participates in the operation of the network equally, Malicious nodes are difficult to detect. There are several applications of mobile ad hoc networks such as disaster recovery operations, battle field communications, etc. The most active research area under MANET routing protocol is security. MANETs have certain unique characteristics that make them vulnerable to several types of attacks. Since they are deployed an open environment where all nodes co-operate in forwarding the packets in the network, Malicious nodes are difficult to detect

AN OVERVIEW OF VISCOSUPPLEMENTS: THERAPEUTIC MODALITY FOR THE AILMENT OF OSTEOARTHRITIS

Osteoarthritis is a multifarious joint disease and is caused by inflammatory mediators, along with a procedure of wear and tear of cartilage. Osteoarthritis outcome in cartilage degradation, synovial inflammation, subchondral bone eburnation, degeneration of menisci, and capsular hypertrophy, which takes part in the pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis. Pain is the leading symptom of Osteoarthritis. However the precise mechanism causing pain is multifactorial and is still not well known. Viscosupplementation with intraarticular hylauronic acid promotes chondrocyte hyaluronic acid synthesis and prevents the additional cartilage degradation and may possible help to promote the cartilage regeneration. It is also postulated to diminish the production of inflammatory mediators and matrix metalloproteinase involved in Osteoarthritis. Viscosupplementation decline osteoarthritis symptoms in early to judicious Osteoarthritis, and improves functional outcome, if other conservative treatment modalities are ineffective. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is the major constituent of a 1-­â€2μm layer on the surface of articular cartilage; it is also a major constituent of synovial fluid. HA has many properties including exerting an anti-inflammatory effect, it acts as a lubricant when movements in the joint are slow and as a shock absorber when movements are fast effect. Viscosupplementation relieves the symptoms of osteoarthritis of the knee, and this therapeutic effect may last several weeks. However, it is apparently not much greater than that of placebo and, according to some studies, it barely reaches clinical significance. Its pain-relieving effect seems comparable to that of other non-surgical options. The modest clinical benefit of viscosupplementation may never be great enough to outweigh its disadvantages, which include slow onset of action, the need for several weekly injections, the low but present risk of adverse reactions and the relatively high cost of this treatment. It helps in improving the function in early osteoarthritis knee joint and might delay the need for future knee surgery Keywords: Joint disorders, intraarticular hylauronic acid, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, osteoarthritisÂ

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF STEREOCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF ANTI-PROSTATE AGENTS BY MOLECULAR DOCKING

Objective: A comparative study of anti-prostate agents to investigate the stereochemical influences on binding affinity by molecular docking.Methods: Structures of enantiomers (R and S stereoisomers) for known anti-prostate cancer (PCa) agents were drawn using ChemBioDraw 2D software. Thereafter, they were converted to 3D structures using the ChemBioDraw 3D software in which they were subjected to energy minimization using the MM2 method and then saved as PDB extension files which can be accessed using the ADT interface. AutoDock Vina (ADT) 1.5.6 software version was used for molecular docking study.Results: A total of 12 different anti-PCa agents were selected and drawn including well-known drug R-bicalutamide. All molecules showed the binding affinity with respect to the nature of stereochemistry. R-stereoisomers showed better interaction as well as binding affinity toward 1z95 (mutated androgen receptor protein involved in the progression of PCa) whereas their S-stereoisomers were found inferior in comparison.Conclusion: This study showed that CB1-R and R-bicalutamide (with R-stereochemistry) were better in binding affinity comparative to their counterpart CB1-S and S-Bicalutamide (with S-stereochemistry). All the selected anti-PCa agents were showing the effect of stereochemical center; therefore, we must choose the right kind of stereochemistry while planning to develop the newer anti-PCa agents

Are Health Caregivers safe from workplace violence? A cross sectional study on workplace safety from Tertiary Care Hospital of Uttarakhand

Background: The prevalence of workplace violence in the healthcare sector is a problem that is frequently ignored and underreported. The performance of healthcare workers who have been the target of violence may suffer, which may have a negative effect on patient satisfaction and health. Aims & Objectives: The purpose of the current study was to determine the prevalence of workplace violence (WPV), risk factors for violence against healthcare workers, and their experiences regarding the same. Methodology: It was a cross-sectional study conducted on 157 hospital staff at Tertiary Care Medical College of Uttarakhand. Data was gathered using a semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire that was modified from the ILO, ICN, WHO, and PSI. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 20). Results: Factors like age, gender, job profile, lesser work experience, night shifts, and fewer staff on duty were found to have a positive association with workplace violence. It was observed that the majority of incidents took place in the ward, and the patient’s relatives were the attacker in most of the cases. It was also seen that the majority of Hospital staff did not get bothered by the incident except by staying super alert while dealing with other patients or their relatives. Conclusion: The study concludes that while caring for patients, Hospital staff are at risk of being victims of aggressive and violent situations. To reduce this problem, strategies like training staff in order to handle such incidents in the future should be brought into practice. Laws should be made stricter & assaulting staff on duty should be made a cognizable offense with serious consequences & heavy penalties. Also, the young budding MBBS students should be trained by incorporating these strategies, laws & policies in the CBME curriculu

Preclinical evaluation of a novel abluminal surface coated sirolimus eluting stent with biodegradable polymer matrix

BACKGROUND: Second generation of drug eluting stents (DES) has attempted to improve safety using abluminal sirolimus drug delivery with biodegradable polymers matrix. The present preclinical study was designed to investigate the safety and efficacy profile of Abluminus™ stents (SES). This is a new coronary stent with sirolimus and biodegradable polymer matrix coated on abluminal stent and balloon surface. METHODS: SES were compared with two controls: bare metal stent (BMS) and BMS + polymer coated stents (PC). All devices (40 stents) were implanted in porcine coronary arteries with primary endpoint of endothelialization at 7 days and subsequent histological and morphometric evaluations at 7, 30 and 90 days. RESULTS: Early endothelialization at seven days was complete in all stents. Histology at 30 days revealed minimum inflammation in all groups and increased at 90 days in PC group while it was absent at 180 days. Thirty day morphometry showed significantly reduction of neointimal area in Abluminus™ (SES 0.96±0.48 mm(2); BMS 1.83±0.34 mm(2); PC 1.76±0.55 mm(2); P<0.05); after 90 days neointimal area was 1.10±0.54 mm(2) for SES; 1.92±0.36 mm(2) for BMS; and 1.94±0.48 mm(2) for PC; P<0.05). Neointimal thickness at 30 and 90 days respectively was 0.15±0.07 and 0.18±0.10 mm for SES, 0.57±0.08 and 0.61±0.09 mm for BMS and 0.52±0.09 and 0.59±0.08 mm, P<0.001 for PC group. CONCLUSIONS: The most significant experimental evidence appears to be earlier endothelialization at 7 days for SES which led to safety of the device. Efficacy of the device was also observed by a reduced neointimal thickness and minimized inflammatory score at all follow-ups. Termination of antiplatelet at 30 days has not shown any further complications. Polymer thickness was almost in negligible amount at 180 days with no inflammation

ENRICHMENT OF MEMORY BY USING HERBAL FORMULATIONS

Memory is the ability of an organism to store, retain, and subsequently recall information. Memory enhancers are the compounds which improve or enhance the memory. The compounds, enhance memory are called nootropics. Some physiological conditions such as stress, anxiety affect the memory. Memory loss may be age related and due to some disease condition like Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease etc. There are several nootropics marketed such as torental, duxil but these products has side effects like vascular dementia related to lacunae or to multiple infarcts, or leucoaraiosis and drg related amnesia. So mostly people prefer herbal nootropics over synthetic nootropics because they have less side effects than others. Herbal nootrppics mainly act by different ways like by increasing and replenishing neurotransmitter at high concentration in brain, by anti-depression, adaptogenic and mood stabilization, by improved oxygen supply and brain energy, by improved concentration, stamina, and focus, by memory enhancement and learning improvement, by nerve growth stimulation and brain cell protection. Memory is the most imperative characteristic for effectual survival of human beings. It also differentiates humans from animals. Reminiscence is the ability of an personage to record the in sequence and recall it whenever needed. Traditionally herbal drugs have been used to augment cognitive functions. A figure of medicinal plants and medicines derived from these plants have shown memory enhancing properties by virtue of their medicinal constituents. There has been substantial pharmacological exploration into the memory enhancing activity of some compounds. Since allopathic system of medicine is yet to make available a radical cure, the usefulness of traditional medicines needs to be explored. This article reviews the memory enhancing properties of the most commonly employed herbal medicines and their identified active constituents. The herbs acting on the brain are called Nootropic herbs and their isolated constituents are referred to as smart drugs. These herbs enhance the memory as well as increase blood circulation in the brain

FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT, OPTIMIZATION & IN VITRO CHARATERIZATION OF LIQUISOLID COMPACTS OF AN OXICAM DERIVATIVE

The rationale of the current research was to investigate the in vitro dissolution properties of poorly water soluble piroxicam by utilizing liquisolid technology. Dissimilar liquisoli compacts were formulated using a factorial design to estimate the required quantities of powder and liquid ingredients to fabricate adequately flowable and compressible admixture. About 16 different formulations were developed using factorial design with carriers Neusilin (Magnesium aluminometasilicate)  and Avicel PH 102, binder PVP K-30 and vehicle PEG-400 as independent variables and Aerosil 200 is used as coating material. The In-vitro drug release from the LSC has used a dependent variable. The empirical method by Spireas and Bolton was applied to calculate the amounts of carrier and coating materials and obtained the improved flow characteristics and hardness by changing the proportion of carrier and coating materials. Liquid solid compacts were fabricated and evaluated for their tabletting properties. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X- ray powder diffraction (XRPD) were performed. The FTIR spectra showed disappearance of the characteristic absorption band of piroxicam (3338.78 cm-1) in liquisolid formulations which might be attributed to the formation of hydrogen bonding between the drug and liquid vehicle; this resulted in drug dissolution enhancement. A 23 factorial design is used and developed liquid soild compacts using Neusilin LSCN1 to LSCN8 and Avicel PH 102 LSCA1 to LSCA8. The physicochemical characterization of all formulations exhibited well within the specification limits with respect to weight variation, hardness, friability and content uniformity.  The In-vitro drug release from these liquid soild compacts was evaluated in 0.1 N HCl and the optimized formulation LSCA8 was compared with pure drug (capsule) and physical mixture (tablet). The release studies suggested that the liquisolid tablets outcome in higher release profile than pure active pharmaceutical ingredient and physical mixture due to enhance in surface and wetting properties of the active pharmaceutical ingredient. Liquid solid compacts technique confirmed the enhanced dissolution rate of oxicam derivative, which in turn promotes in enhancing bioavailability. Keywords: Piroxicam, Factorial design, Solubility, Dissolution rate, Avicel PH 10