Effect of Progressive Muscle Relaxation on Anxiety in Pre-University Students: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

AbstractIntroduction: Anxiety experience in adolescents is more intense than other periods of life. The relaxation of muscles leads to the relaxation of the mind, because it prevents the production of negative thoughts. Therefore, this study was done with the purpose of determining the effects of Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) on pre-university students’ anxiety.Methods: In this randomized controlled clinical trial, 304 pre-university students of public schools in Malayer city that had the inclusion criteria were allocated to 2 groups of PMR and control with simple random sampling . Progressive Muscle Relaxation was taught to the intervention group and the students were asked to do the relaxation once a day for one month. Anxiety score of the entire sample was measured at the beginning, during, and the end of the intervention, using the “Beck Depression Inventory”. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20, and repeated measures test.Results: The mean of the control group›s anxiety score was 14.96 ± 8.22, reaching 16.56 ± 8.08 after 2 weeks and 19.45 ± 8.27 at the end of the fourth weeks. The mean of the intervention group›s anxiety scores was 15.71 ± 8.58. It decreased to 13.33 ± 9.06 at the end of the second week and 10.64 ± 9.30 at the end of the fourth week. The repeated measures test showed a significant difference between the 2 groups in mean anxiety scores (P = 0.008),  and was significantly different at the three time points (P < 0.001).Conclusions: The findings of this study showed that the PMR caused a decrease in anxiety in pre-university students

The Effect of a Yoga Program on "Health-Related Quality of Life" of Children in Residential Care Centers

Abstract Introduction: Children living in residential care centers are a vulnerable population and have a lower Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL). This study explored a yoga exercise program on HRQOL in children living in residential care centers. Methods: In this quasi-experimental, one group before-after study with time series design, all children aged 8 to 13 years, who qualified for the inclusion criteria and were living in governmental residential care centers of Isfarayen were selected, using the census method. The participants took part in yoga classes for 8 weeks. The HRQOL was assessed using Kids Screen Health-related Quality of Life Questionnaire (KS-HRQOLQ). The gleaned data were analyzed with SPSS21 using repeated measurements analysis. Results: Changes in the total score of HRQOL obtained in five measurements were not statistically significant (P = 0.270). Variations in the score of HRQOL in the dimensions of "mental well-being", "the relations with parents and self-autonomy", "social support and peers", and "school environment" were not significant before to one month after completion of interventions (P = 0.29, P = 0.67, P = 0.16, P = 0.50, respectively). For the physical well-being dimension, the changes were significant frombefore to immediately after completion of interventions (P = 0.013). Changes were not significant in the presence of personal and demographic variables (P = 0.45, P > 0.05). Conclusions: This study indicated that yoga increases life quality only in the physical well-being dimension. Given that life quality reflects the wishes, expectations, and hopes of children and teenagers in relation to their present and future life and this feeling is time-related, culture-dependent, and context-oriented, it appears that life conditions of children in the current study and chronic continuous tension present in residential care centers probably made the effects of yoga different

Drug Calculation Cards and Medication Errors in the Neonatal Intensive Care Units

Introduction: Medication administration errors are the most common medication errors. One of the most important causes of medication administration errors is a mistake in calculating the dose of medication by nurses. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of using the Drug Calculation Cards on the amount and type of medication administration errors in the Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs). Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted with one-group before-after design to examine the effects of using the Drug Calculation Cards on the amount and type of medication administration errors. Eligible NICU nurses in selected centers affiliated to Qazvin University of Medical Sciences were registered (n = 33) in the study within three months. Then, before intervention data were collected using “medication administration errors reporting” questionnaire. Three months later the intervention (drug calculation card) was done and the same medication administration errors reporting questionnaire was dispersed. The data were entered to the SPSS version 14 and was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: The mean medication administration error during the three months before and three months after the intervention were 12.41 ± 14.48 and 9.62 ± 12.72, respectively, which had a statistically significant difference (P = 0.004). Conclusions: Using the Drug Calculation Cards by nurses i

The Effect of Audio-Visual Distraction on Catheterization Pain among School-Age Children

Background: Catheterization is the most common cause of pain and distress in children, which causes physical and psychological dysfunctions and disrupts the treatment. Therefore, the control of this type of pain should be considered as a priority for nursing care. The audio-visual distraction can be used to reduce the intensity of pain. Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of audio-visual distraction on catheterization pain among school-age children. Methods: This randomized clinical trial included 64 school-age children assigned into intervention and control group in Qods Hospital during 2016. Oucher face pain intensity scale was utilized to evaluate the intensity level of pain.  Catheterization duration was also recorded in this study. Data were analysed in SPSS software (Version.18) through descriptive statistics, t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Spearman correlation analyses. Results: The mean ages of the intervention and control groups were 7.8±1.4 and 7.7±1.6, respectively. The results of the Mann-Whitney U test showed that the mean pain intensity was lower in the intervention group after using the three-dimensional glasses (P=0.01). Spearman correlation test results indicated that there were no significant differences between different ethnicities (P=0.37) and birth ratings (r=-0.061, P-value=0.63) in terms of mean pain intensity.  Implications for Practice: According to the results, the use of distraction methods could  reduce the pain. In addition, they facilitated medical procedures. The role of variables, such as age, gender, and duration of catheterization should be considered in pain intensity

Patient safety culture in neonatal intensive care units: A qualitative content analysis

BackgroundSafety culture, as an important and influential component of neonatal safety, can lay the ground for the provision of professional and quality care by creating a positive insight among workers. The present study aimed to explain the concept of safety culture and its dimensions from the perspective of the nurses and the physicians working in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).MethodsThis qualitative directed content analysis study was carried out with 24 NICU physicians and nurses working in Tehran, Iran. These multicenter participants were selected through purposive sampling with maximum diversity in terms of demographic characteristics. The data was collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews and was analyzed using the deductive approach. The COREQ checklist was used for the comprehensive report of this study.ResultsThe concept of patient safety culture in NICUs included achieving professional development, constructive interactions, organizational supportive climate, management's commitment to neonatal safety, planning and implementation of neonatal developmental care, which are extracted from 5 main categories, 10 generic categories and 21 sub-categories.ConclusionThe dimensions of safety culture include procedures that, if promoted, could improve neonatal safety, reducing harm to neonates' health while expending less financial and human resources. Gaining knowledge of the status of these dimensions in wards and hospitals can give a purposeful direction to promote neonate health and policymaking

The Relationship of Regimen Adherence with Family Resilience and Parenting Style among Adolescents with Type 2 Diabetes

Background: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is rising rapidly. Adolescence is also related to weaker medication adherence and increased risk of psychiatric disorders. This study aims to investigate the relationship between parenting style, family resilience, and regimen adherence. Method: This research is a descriptive cross-sectional study. 180 adolescents with type 2 diabetes and their parents were selected through convenience sampling at Mofid and Taleghani Hospitals, Tehran, Iran. The instruments were "Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities," "the Family Resilience Assessment Scale," and "Parenting Style and Dimensions Questionnaire". The sampling duration was from February to April 2021; descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficient were performed using SPSS version 2021. Results: The results showed that family resilience was moderate in most participants (80%). The mean score of family resilience was 2.94±0.29 and among the subcomponents of this scale, “family Belief systems” was found to have the highest mean score (3.05±0.347). Regimen adherence was moderate in most participants (60%). Parents of Adolescents had higher uses of authoritative parenting styles (3.70± 0.54). Adherence to non-smoking (6.31± 1.23) and specific medications (5.55 ± 1.28) were higher than adherence to diet, physical exercise, blood glucose monitoring, and foot care. Authoritative parenting styles (r=0.524, P=0.000) and total family resilience (r=0. 599 P=0.000) were positively related to total regimen adherence. Family resilience was positively correlated with authoritative parenting styles (r=0.385 p=0.000). Authoritarian and permissive styles were not correlated with regimen adherence (p>0.05). Conclusions: Adherence to the regimen positively correlated with family resilience and authoritative parenting styles for adolescents with type 2 diabetes

Parent–Infant Attachment in Infants with Respiratory Assist Devices Hospitalized in Intensive Care Units: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Hospitalization of an infant in an intensive care unit may disrupt the normal process of parent-infant attachment. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of attachment and determine its related factors in parents of infants with respiratory assist devices.Methods: This correlational descriptive study was conducted with 180 parents of infants with respiratory assist devices hospitalized in Mofid Children Hospital in Tehran, Iran. The data gathering instrument consisted of a demographic questionnaire and the Parent-Infant Attachment Questionnaire. The data was analyzed through SPSS version 22.Results: The total score of attachment was 57.43+ and among the dimensions of the attachment questionnaire, the quality of attachment had the highest score. Also in parental and infant demographic variables, the previous history of hospitalization, father's age, and unit type were significantly correlated with attachment score. Moreover, regression results revealed that parent–pediatric attachment score of parents of infants admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit is 1.97 units less than that of the parents whose infants were admitted to NICU. And with the increase in father’s age, the rate of the parent–pediatric attachment to the child decreases by 0.19 and the history of the previous hospitalization leads to an increase in attachment to the infant by 3.76 units.Conclusion: Although the overall score of attachment in the parents of pediatrics dependent on the respiratory devices in the present study was undesirable, but the respiratory assisted device did not affect the parent-pediatric attachment score. Therefore, further studies are recommended to more accurately determine the relevant factors of the parent-pediatric attachment

Adversity Meaning in the Lived Experiences of Adolescents Living in Residential Out-of-Home Care Centers: A Qualitative Study

Introduction: The adversities experienced by adolescents in residential care centers greatly affect different aspects of their life. The objective of this study was to shed light on the meaning of adversity by exploring the lived experience of adolescents living in Tehran residential care centers affiliated to the Welfare Organization of Tehran Province.Methods: This qualitative study was conducted in 2019, using a hermeneutic phenomenological method. The data were collected using in-depth semi-structured interviews and, the data collection process continued until the data saturation point. A total of 10 adolescents living in residential out-of-home care centers of Tehran were selected using purposive sampling with a maximum variety in terms of demographic characteristics. The data collected from the interviews were analyzed using van Manen’s approach.Results: The themes extracted in this study were “Self-alienation”, “Introspection”, “Constant comparison”, and “A secret life”. Constant comparison was a unique theme that was found in the experience of Iranian adolescents living in residential care centers.Conclusion: This study identified the life adversity in residential centers from the viewpoint of adolescents. The provision of holistic care, promotion of professional interactions, and application of management practices based on the developmental, psychological, and social needs of this group of high-risk adolescents are recommende

Comparing the effects of cycled and constant lighting on weight gain and length of stay in neonatal intensive care unit among premature neonates: A two-Group randomized controlled clinical trial

Background: Environmental lighting can potentially affect weight gain and the length of stay in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) among premature neonates. Yet, there are controversies about the best way of lighting in these units. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of cycled lighting (CL) and constant lighting on weight gain and the length of stay in NICU among premature neonates. Methods: This two-group randomized controlled trial was conducted on 78 premature neonates hospitalized in NICU of Mofid Children's Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Neonates in the intervention group were treated, for 15 days, with CL. Neonates in the control group were exposed to constant lighting of the unit. Neonates in both groups were weighed every morning at 07:30 and their length of stay in the unit was recorded in days. Data analysis was done through Chi-square test, independent-samples t-test, and Mann-Whitney U-test and the two-way analysis of variance. The random-effects spline model was employed to compare the groups in terms of the trend of weight variations over time. Results: Neonates' weight in both groups decreased during the first 7 days of hospitalization and then started to increase from the 8th day. The groups did not significantly differ from each other respecting neonates' weight in the first 8th days (P = 0.857), while weight mean in days 9-15 in the intervention group was significantly greater than the control group by at least 25.25 g in the 9th day and 159.95 g in the 15th day (P P = 0.005) and adjusted (P = 0.001). However, no significant between-group differences were observed in terms of the length of stay (18.18 ± 10.21, 18.29 ± 12 days) in NICU with gender being unadjusted (P = 0.939) and adjusted (P = 0.990). Conclusions: CL is effective in improving premature neonates' weight gain but ineffective in shortening their stay in NICU

Effect of Non-nutritive Sucking on Weight Gain and Length of Stay in Preterm Infants Requiring Gavage Feeding: A Clinical Trial

Background and purpose: Gavage feeding tubes increase the length of stay and reduce the growth process in neonates. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of non-nutritive sucking on weight gain and length of stay in neonates that required gavage feeding. Materials and methods: In a clinical trial, neonates were selected via convenience sampling and randomly assigned into an intervention group (n=37) or a control group (n=38). Data including demographic information, admission and discharge dates, and neonates’ weights were recorded. In the intervention group, non- nutritive sucking was performed by the mother's finger at the same time as the gavage feeding. Data analysis was performed in SPSS V20 applying independent t-test, Mann-Whitney, and Chi-square. Results: The mean weight at discharge was 90.73 g higher in the intervention group than the control group (P=0.121). The mean weight loss was found to be higher in control group than the intervention group (P= 0.818). The mean length of stay was 14.22± 8.32 days in intervention group and 14.61±7.34 in control group, indicating no significant differences between the two groups (P=0.830, statistical power=60%). Conclusion: Non-nutritive sucking had no significant positive effect on length of stay and weight gain in preterm infants. Further studies with larger sample size are suggested. (Clinical Trials Registry Number: IRCT20200617047806N1