Study of menstrual pattern changes in patients accepting injection depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate versus levonorgestrel intrauterine system

Background: Changes in menstrual bleeding patterns are a major cause of hormonal contraceptive discontinuation. DMPA and LNG IUS both are hormonal contraceptives and are used by most of the women worldwide for various gynaecological conditions. The aim of the present study was to compare menstrual pattern changes in patients accepting injection DMPA and LNG-IUS for various gynaecological indications.Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted among 70 women aged 18 years or older with heavy menstrual bleeding in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Chhatrapati Shivaji Subharti Medical College, Meerut. The study comprised of two groups having 35 patients each i.e. Group 1 (patient who opted for LNG IUS) and Group 2 (patient who opted injection DMPA). The menstrual pattern changes were assessed at 1month, 3month and 6th month interval. Patient were asked to maintain a menstrual calendar wherein she would keep a record of the no. of days along with dates when she has spotting per vaginum/bleeding per vaginum and the amount of blood loss explained to her through the pictorial blood assessment chart.Results: Reduction in median menstrual blood loss was significantly greater in the LNG IUS group (-128.12mL, range -393.6 to 328.5 mL) than in the DMPA group arm -17.8 mL, range -271.5 to+78.6 mL, p<0.001).Conclusions: LNG IUS reduces menstrual blood loss more effectively than DMPA

A NUTRITIONAL STUDY OF TRIBAL AND NON-TRIBAL CHILDREN IN THE UDAIPUR REGION

Objective: There is an evidence that nutrition has a significant impact on children’s development, adult health, and senescence. It is also known to have an impact on one’s physical and mental faculties. Malnutrition is now understood to be the root cause of a significant variety of health issues. To compare the nutritional condition of 300 (tribal and nontribal) children living in the Udaipur region, a dietary survey was conducted. Methods: In the present study, 300 tribal and non-tribal children between the ages of 1 and 12 were chosen for a dietary survey to evaluate their nutritional status. The survey was conducted using a questionnaire. Results and Conclusion: The statistics between tribal and non-tribal children showed that calorie, protein, fat, and carbohydrate intake was lower in the tribal children. When we compared the data between tribal and non-tribal children, we found that the non-tribal children’s calorie, protein, fat, and carbohydrate intake was not superior. Ascorbic acid and B-carotene intake among non-tribals is also less than that advised by the ICMR and is approximately twice as low as that among their tribal counterparts. The statistics on tribal and non-tribal children made it abundantly evident that nutritional intake is low that consumption of fat among dense nutrients is significantly lower and that intake of antioxidant nutrients such as ascorbic acid and beta-carotene is similarly poor

Solving “Antenna Array Thinning Problem” Using Genetic Algorithm

Thinning involves reducing total number of active elements in an antenna array without causing major degradation in system performance. Dynamic thinning is the process of achieving this under real-time conditions. It is required to find a strategic subset of antenna elements for thinning so as to have its optimum performance. From a mathematical perspective this is a nonlinear, multidimensional problem with multiple objectives and many constraints. Solution for such problem cannot be obtained by classical analytical techniques. It will be required to employ some type of search algorithm which can lead to a practical solution in an optimal. The present paper discusses an approach of using genetic algorithm for array thinning. After discussing the basic concept involving antenna array, array thinning, dynamic thinning, and application methodology, simulation results of applying the technique to linear and planar arrays are presented

Residual interactions and correlations among Laughlin quasiparticles: Novel hierarchy states

The residual interactions between Laughlin quasiparticles can be obtained from exact numerical diagonalization studies of small systems. The pseudopotentials V_QP(R)$ describing the energy of interaction of QE's (or QH's) as a function of their "relative angular momentum" R cannot support Laughlin correlations at certain QP filling factors (e.g., nu_QE}=1/3 and nu_QH=1/5). Because of this the novel condensed quantum fluid states observed at nu=4/11, 4/13 and other filling fractions cannot possibly be spin polarized Laughlin correlated QP states of the composite Fermion hierarchy. Pairing of the QP's clearly must occur, but the exact nature of the incompressible ground states is not completely clear.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, accepted for Solid State Commu