Effect of Potent Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Stereospermum suaveolens Extract in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

To evaluate the antihyperglycemic effect of ethyl acetate fraction of ethanol extract of Stereospermum suaveolens in streptozotocin-(STZ-) induced diabetic rats by acute and subacute models. In this paper, various fractions of ethanol extract of Stereospermum suaveolens were prepared and their effects on blood glucose levels in STZ-induced diabetic rats were studied after a single oral administration (200 mg/kg). Administration of the ethyl acetate fraction at 200 mg/kg once daily for 14 days to STZ-induced diabetic rats was also carried out. The parameters such as the fasting blood glucose, hepatic glycogen content, and pancreatic antioxidant levels were monitored. In the acute study, the ethyl acetate fraction is the most potent in reducing the fasting serum glucose levels of the STZ-induced diabetic rats. The 14-day repeated oral administration of the ethyl acetate fraction significantly reduced the fasting blood glucose and pancreatic TBARS level and significantly increased the liver glycogen, pancreatic superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities as well as reduced glutathione levels. The histopathological studies during the subacute treatment have been shown to ameliorate the STZ-induced histological damage of pancreas. This paper concludes that the ethyl acetate fraction from ethanol extract of Stereospermum suaveolens possesses potent antihyperglycemic and antioxidant properties, thereby substantiating the use of plant in the indigenous system of medicine

Performance Test of Amorphous Silicon Modules in Different Climates - Year Four: Progress in Understanding Exposure History Stabilization Effects; Preprint

The four-year experiment involved three identical sets of thin-film a-Si modules from various manufacturers deployed outdoors simultaneously in three sites with distinct climates. Each PV module set spent a one-year period at each site before a final period at the original site where it was first deployed

Isolation of Flavonol of Tephrosia purpurea

ABSTRACT Flavonoids have been reported as naturally occurring compounds and considered as secondary metabolites responsible for biological activities. The flavonoids are divided into several classes, i.e., anthocyanins, flavonols, flavones, flavanones, dihydro flavonols, chalcones etc. A flavonol, Kaempferol 7-O-(rhamnosyl)-glucoside, was isolated from whole plant of Tephrosia purpurea. The isolated compound was identified by melting point, chemical test, IR, NMR and mass spectra

Chiral (η6-p-Cymene)ruthenium(II) complexes containing monodentate acylthiourea ligands for efficient asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of ketones

The new chiral ligands (R)-/(S)-N-((1-phenylethyl)carbamothioyl)benzamide (L1/L2), (R)-/(S)-N-((1-phenylethyl)carbamothioyl)thiophene-2-carboxamide (L3/L4), and (R)-/(S)-N-((1-phenylethyl)carbamothioyl)furan-2-carboxamide (L5/L6) were synthesized, characterized, and used to prepare novel chiral Ru(II) complexes. The chiral Ru(II) complexes 1–6 were obtained from reactions between the chiral ligands L1–L6 and [RuCl2(p-cymene)2]2. The complexes were characterized by analytical and spectroscopic (NMR, FT-IR, electronic) techniques. The solid-state structures of the ligands L1 and L3 and complexes 1, 4, and 6 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods. In all of the complexes, the ligand is bound to the Ru(II) center only via the sulfur donor atom. This monodentate coordination of the acylthiourea ligands was observed for the first time with ruthenium. The Ru(II) complexes 1–6 all act as efficient catalysts for the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of aromatic ketones in the presence of 2-propanol and KOH to produce chiral alcohols. All of the catalysts showed excellent conversions of up to 99% and enantiomeric excesses of up to 99%

Validated Spectrophotometric Estimation of Famciclovir in Tablet Dosage Form

Two simple and sensitive spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the estimation of Famciclovir (FCR) in bulk and tablet dosage form. Methods A and B are based on the formation of ion-pair complexes of the drug with dyes such as orange II (OG-II) and alizarin red S (AR-S) in acidic medium followed by their extraction with chloroform to give colored chromogen with absorption maxima at 480 nm and 440 nm respectively. Beer’s law is valid in the concentration range of 2-10 mcg/mL for both the methods. These developed methods were validated for precision, accuracy, ruggedness and robustness. Statistical analysis proves that the methods are reproducible and selective for the routine analysis of the said drug

Half-sandwich Ru(η6-C6H6) complexes with chiral aroylthioureas for enhanced asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of ketones – experimental and theoretical studies

The reactions of [RuCl2(η6-C6H6)]2 with chiral aroylthiourea ligands yielded pseudo-octahedral half-sandwich “piano-stool” complexes. All the Ru(II) complexes were characterized by analytical and spectral (UV-visible, FT-IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR) studies. The molecular structures of the ligands (L2 and L4) and the complexes (2, 4 and 5) were confirmed by single crystal XRD. All the complexes were successfully screened as catalysts for the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation (ATH) of ketones using 2-propanol as the hydrogen source in the presence of KOH. The ATH reactions proceeded with excellent yields (up to 99%) and very good enantioselectivity (up to 99% ee). The scope of the present catalytic system was extended to substituted aromatic ketones and few hetero-aromatic ketones. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations predicted non-classical, concerted transition states for the ATH reactions. The catalytic activity of Ru–benzene complexes toward asymmetric reduction of ketones was significantly higher compared to that of p-cymene complex analogues. Such enhanced efficiency and product selectivity of Ru–benzene complexes compared to those of Ru–p-cymene complexes were rationalized by the computational study

Chiral (η⁶‑<i>p</i>‑Cymene)ruthenium(II) Complexes Containing Monodentate Acylthiourea Ligands for Efficient Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones

The new chiral ligands (<i>R</i>)-/(<i>S</i>)-<i>N</i>-((1-phenylethyl)­carbamothioyl)­benzamide (<b>L1</b>/<b>L2</b>), (<i>R</i>)-/(<i>S</i>)-<i>N</i>-((1-phenylethyl)­carbamothioyl)­thiophene-2-carboxamide (<b>L3</b>/<b>L4</b>), and (<i>R</i>)-/(<i>S</i>)-<i>N</i>-((1-phenylethyl)­carbamothioyl)­furan-2-carboxamide (<b>L5</b>/<b>L6</b>) were synthesized, characterized, and used to prepare novel chiral Ru­(II) complexes. The chiral Ru­(II) complexes <b>1</b>–<b>6</b> were obtained from reactions between the chiral ligands <b>L1</b>–<b>L6</b> and [RuCl₂(<i>p</i>-cymene)₂]₂. The complexes were characterized by analytical and spectroscopic (NMR, FT-IR, electronic) techniques. The solid-state structures of the ligands <b>L1</b> and <b>L3</b> and complexes <b>1</b>,<b> 4</b>, and <b>6</b> were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods. In all of the complexes, the ligand is bound to the Ru­(II) center only via the sulfur donor atom. This monodentate coordination of the acylthiourea ligands was observed for the first time with ruthenium. The Ru­(II) complexes <b>1</b>–<b>6</b> all act as efficient catalysts for the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of aromatic ketones in the presence of 2-propanol and KOH to produce chiral alcohols. All of the catalysts showed excellent conversions of up to 99% and enantiomeric excesses of up to 99%