Poverty and Hunger in the Developing World: Ethics, the Global Economy, and Human Survival

The large number of hungry people in a global economy based on industrialization, privatization, and free trade raises the question of the ethical dimensions of the worsening food crisis in the world in general and in developing countries in particular. Who bears the moral responsibility for the tragic situation in Africa and Asia where people are starving due to poverty? Who is morally responsible for their poverty - the hungry people themselves? the international community? any particular agency or institution? In the context of Article 3 of the UN Declaration of Human Rights, which states that "Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security" (UNDHR, 1948), the ethical question of poverty and hunger becomes a major human concern that should be discussed publicly and resolved by whatever means available. But how can the poor and hungry realize their right to life and security if their very survival is at stake? This paper maintains that responsibility for global poverty at present lies in recent neo-liberal trends in the global economy and with those individuals and organizations who, though small in number, have acquired a disproportionate share of the world's assets and financial resources. That being the case, it is suggested that our monetary and financial policies are in need of drastic changes with regard to global responsibility towards the hungry and impoverished

Primary thyroid tuberculosis associated with thyrotoxicosis - Rare presentation

Primary thyroid tuberculosis (TB) gland is a very rare disease; although, the incidence of extra pulmonary TB has been increasing in the recent year. We present a case of primary thyroid TB. The case was diagnosed on the basis of findings of fine-needle aspiration cytology, as our case presented with multinodular thyroid goitre and erythema nodosum. She was given antitubercular treatment for 9 months, and she improved and her multinodular lesion completely resolved after treatment. In conclusion, thyroid TB should be kept in mind in the differential diagnoses of the thyroid masses, even in a patient with no history and symptoms of TB disease

JMPI: implementing the message passing standard in Java

The Message Passing Interface (MPI) standard provides a uniform Application Programmers Interface (API) that abstracts the underlying hardware from the parallel applications. Recent research efforts have extended the MPI standard to Java either through wrapper implementations or as subsets of larger parallel infrastructures. In this paper, we describe JMPI, a reference implementation of MPI developed at the Architecture and Real-Time Laboratory at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. In this implementation, we explore using Java's Remote Method Invocation (RMI), Object Serialization and Introspection technologies for message passing. We discuss the architecture of our implementation, adherence to emerging standards for MPI bindings for Java, our performance results, and future research direction

ANTITUMOR AND GASTROPROTECTIVE SCREENING OF SOME NOVEL ORGANIC DERIVATIVES OF BISMUTH

Objectives: The objectives of present manuscript are to synthesize some new organic derivatives of bismuth having general formula (RBiL2; wherein R = C6F5; L = Substituted aromatic carboxylic acid), and characterized with the help of M.P., elemental, I.R., and NMR spectral analysis to ascertain the structure of novel compounds. These compounds were also characterized for their in vitro antitumor activity against human breast (MCF-7) and mammary cancer (EVSA-7) cell line along with gastroprotective (anti-ulcer) activity in rats using standard methods. Methods: All the newly organobismuth having general formula (RBiL2) were synthesised by earliar reported methods especially using redistribution and complexation reactions. The in-vitro antitumor and gastroprotective studies were performed by using standard protocols and methods. Results: It was found that the compounds were crystalline solids, air stable, and soluble in common organic solvent, have sharp melting points, and possess trigonal/pyramidal structure, exhibit higher activity than the standard ranitidine when the tests were carried out with aspirin induced and moderate activity was seen when the tests were done with ethanol induced along with potential antitumor activity against MCF-7 and EVSA-7 cell lines. Conclusion: The newly synthesized organobismuth complexes were characterized to ascertain their structure by sophisticated instrumental and spectral analysis resulted as trigonal/pyramidal structure. The compounds were also screened 1st time for gastroprotective and antitumor activity in vitro. The observations clearly indicate that organobismuth carboxylates as reported here show potential gastroprotective and antitumor activity in vitro

The universalizability of the categorial imperative : Re-examining Kant’s Maxim of Duty

In this dissertation, I defend Kantian ethics in terms of the universalizability of moral duties as moral laws against relativistic ethics like traditionalism and communitarianism. The problem I deal with, in special reference to Kant, is whether our actions are or should be judged by local moral determinants like individuality, community, religion or society, or by universal determinants of Kantian spirit. Those who follow local moral determinants, criticize Kantian universalizability. But I consider universality to be a strong moral determinant and therefore I defend it, and Kant. My argument, which I develop comprehensively in this dissertation, is twofold: Firstly, local determinants are based on historicism and therefore limited in scope; they leave room for partiality and discrimination among individuals. They are also dually-standardized – one for the first person (I use the term agent) and another for the second and third agents, all of whom differ from each other. Secondly, local determinants considered to be moral criteria are challenging to justify: Their projection of what a person is is not the only or real picture of a person as a moral agent. In other words, local determinants don't affect––or their proponents like MacIntyre and Taylor overlook––our deep sense of moral orientation, which deems every human being as the same. Our deep sense of morality has a need for a common standard of morality. With these arguments, I claim that the Kantian model of morality, in contrast, presents a real picture of a person and his sense of morality, though it is quite hard to find a person in the real world who acts in accordance with this moral sense. But our failure in following our deep moral sense does not mean that morality is a matter of individual choice or is merely locally-determined. The universal moral law is, after all, supreme and something to be achieved in the realization of what we are as moral and autonomous beings. The concept of local moral determinants is in fact weak in the sense that one can justify a wrong and irresponsible action as a right action, whereas, universal determinants prohibit us from following such a justification of a wrong action as right. In brief, this dissertation aims to critically evaluate the two kinds of determinants and their link to our practical life from a moral point of view. Another crucial dimension does remain in the debate at hand––the epistemic dimension––but due to the specificity of the project shall remain untouched in this dissertation

Determination of fluorescent stain and Ziehl - Nelson stain for the demonstration of acid fast bacilli in cytological specimens

Background: Tuberculosis is infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis. There are various methods for the diagnosis of tuberculosis such as examination of tubercular bacilli by Ziehl – Nelson (ZN), Auramine – Rhodamine (AR), Kinyoun staining. The present study was conducted to know the prevalence, clinical characters, nature of specimens and tuberculosis confirmation by ZN & fluorescence staining technique using AR in 2101 clinically suspected cases of tuberculosis.Methods: This study was conducted as prospective study in Tertiary care hospital. Present study was done clinically suspected tubercular patients from January to July 2015. On all received samples ZN stain and fluorescent stain was applied.               Results: Among the clinically suspected patients 689 (32.79%) was diagnosed with tuberculosis.  Fever (81.27%) was chief clinical complaint. Among the received specimens maximum cases was of sputum (pulmonary) tuberculosis (88.27%). Tuberculosis was diagnosed in (16.75%) cases with ZN staining and with fluorescent staining in (32.79%) cases.                                                                                                                                                                            Conclusions: In present study fever was chief clinical complaint. Maximum cases of tuberculosis are of pulmonary tuberculosis than extra pulmonary and AR fluorescent staining is more sensitive.

Ulcerative Squamous Eyelid Papilloma: A Rare Presentation

Purpose: To highlight the importance of histopathological evaluation of a lid mass to prognosticate the disease. We report a case of ulcerative squamous cell papilloma with clinical features suggesting malignancy. Case report: A 65-year-old man presented with a rapidly enlarging mass in the left upper eyelid, with clinical features suggesting a squamous cell carcinoma. However, a repeat histopathological examination showed no malignant cells. The patient was diagnosed with squamous cell papilloma. He was followed-up for 30 months and no recurrence was observed. No such case has previously been reported in the literature. Conclusion: This report highlights the need for histopathological examination of all eyelid lesions to enable surgeons to prognosticate the disease

The development of captopril pellets using the principles of quality by design

Expected release date-May 201

Load Balancing Techniques for Efficient Traffic Management in Cloud Environment

Cloud computing is an internet based computing. This computing paradigm has enhanced the use of network where the capability of one node can be utilized by other node. Cloud service provides access on demand to distributive resources such as database, servers, software, infrastructure etc. in pay as you go basis. Load balancing is one of the vexing issues in distributed environment. Resources of service provider need to balance the load of client request. Load balancing is adapted in order to increase the resource consumption in Data centers that leads to enhance the overall performance of system achieving client satisfaction