Autism and Metabolic Cytopathy

Letter to the editor: Autism is a wide spectrum disorder and a lot of factors play role in the etiology. Autism may accompany some genetic disorders such as fragile X, tuberosclerosis, neurofibromatosis and phenylketonuria [1]. However, the absence of sufficient evidence on the etiological roles of environmental, neuroanatomical and biochemical factors has shifted the direction of research to genetics and cytology [2]

Investigation of emotional schemas between adolescents and their mothers

Objective: It is common to see that child-parent interaction affects psychological problems in adulthood. This interaction process may also be effective in developing emotional schemas and attitudes. The present study aimed to investigate the similarities or differences in emotional schemas between mothers and adolescents in both clinical and control groups.Method: Eighty-two adolescents who applied to the child and adolescent outpatient clinics and their mothers (assigned as the clinical group) and 80 adolescents without any psychiatric problems and their mothers (assigned as the control group) were examined using a Sociodemographic Characteristics Form and Leahy Emotional Schema Scale Turkish Version (LESS-T). A multivariate analysis of variance test was used to determine the intergroup differences in emotional schema levels.Results: LESS-T was applied to all participants. No statistically significant difference was found between mothers and their adolescents on the LESS-T subscales in the control group (p=0.89). Mothers in the clinical group reported higher levels of demand for rationality (p=0.003) and emotional avoidance (p=0.01) than mothers in the control group. In the clinical group, adolescents reported higher levels of uncontrollability (p=0.007), and mothers reported higher levels of comprehensibility (p=0.001), demand for rationality (p=0.001), and emotional avoidance (p=0.007).Conclusion: Mothers' emotional schemas, such as avoidance and demand for rationality, may prevent their children from expressing and experiencing emotions sufficiently. Findings emphasize the importance of healthy mother-child interaction for developing emotional skills

Evaluation of Relationship between Obsessive-compulsive Disorder and Dissociative Experiences

Objective: The aim of the study is to evaluate the relationship between obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms and dissociative experiences and the effect of childhood traumatic experiences on this relationship in OCD patients. Methods: Fifty consecutive OCD patients and 50 healthy controls are enrolled for this study. Sociodemographic and Clinical Data Form, Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES), Padua Inventory (PI) and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) are applied to participants. Results: Average DES total score in the patient group is 20.58 and in the control group it is 4.87. In the patient group, when we evaluate the relation strengths of DES total and subscale scores with PI total score, we found out that amnesia subscale has r=0.361 (p<0.01), absorption subscale has r=0.611 (p<0.01), depersonalization/derealization subscale has r=0.574 (p<0.01), and DES total score has r=0.55 (p<0.01) relation strengths with PI total score. In patient group both DES total score and CTQ total score have influence on PI total score independently from each other. In addition to this, the level of the influence of DES total scores on PI total scores is, R-2 =0.399 (p<0.01) and the level of the influence of CTQ total scores on PI total scores is R-2 =0.343 (p<0.01). Conclusion: Dissociative experiences are seen more frequently in OCD patients than healthy controls. Among dissociative experiences, absorption has stronger relation with OCD symptoms. The relation between OCD and dissociation is independent from and stronger than the relation between childhood traumatic experiences and OCD.WOS:0004329909000052-s2.0-85047063422PubMed: 2973912

Autism spectrum disorders among adolescents and adults and comparison with schizophrenia

Objectives: Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) may be commonly misdiagnosed as schizophrenia due tocommon symptoms and accompanying psychotic manifestations in both adolescence and adulthood. Thepurpose of this study is to examine and compare the autistic symptoms and positive and negative symptoms ofschizophrenia in cases diagnosed as Autism Spectrum Disorder.Methods: Twenty-one patients between ages of 16-36 who have admitted to outpatient clinic have previouslybeen diagnosed as autism spectrum disorders (autistic disorder, Asperger Syndrome, pervasive developmentdisorder not otherwise specified) according to DSM-IV diagnosis criteria, have an IQ of 50 or above, havebeen included in the study. Control group have been composed of 21 patients between ages of 21-39 who havebeen diagnosed as schizophrenia according to DSM-IV diagnosis criteria and have an IQ of 50 or above.Psychiatric assessment has been made with Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), Scale for the Assessmentof Positive Symptoms (SAPS), Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS), SCID-I and WAIS.Results: The negative symptoms of ASD are found to be higher than schizophrenia cases where as the positivesymptoms of schizophrenia cases are found to be higher than ASD cases. Twenty percent (n = 4) of OSB casesdo not meet autism symptoms while none of the schizophrenia cases meet autism symptoms. In one case ofthe ASD group, additional schizophrenia diagnosis was present.Conclusions: In this study, it has been found that negative symptoms of schizophrenia are widely observed inadolescent and adult patients followed with ASD diagnosis. Consequently, autism spectrum disorders aremanifested common symptoms with schizophrenia in adolescence and adulthood

Prediction of Weight Regain After Bariatric Surgery by Night Eating, Emotional Eating, Eating Concerns, Depression and Demographic Characteristics

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, bariatrik cerrahi sonrasında görülebilenkilo geri alımının; depresyon, gece yeme, duygusal yeme, yeme endişesive çeşitli demografik özelliklerle ilişkisini değerlendirmektir.Yöntem: Araştırmanın örneklemini; çeşitli illerde ikamet eden, yaşları21 ve 56 arasında değişen, cerrahi sonrası 12 ila 98 aylık dönemdeolan, bariatrik cerrahi geçirmiş 117 birey oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmadakatılımcılara Gece Yeme Anketi, Hollanda Yeme Anketi - DuygusalYeme Alt Boyutu, Yeme Bozuklukları Değerlendirme Ölçeği- YemeEndişesi Alt Boyutu ve Beck Depresyon Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Verilerinanalizinde Mann Whitney U Testi, Pearson Korelasyon Analizi ve ÇokluHiyerarşik Doğrusal Regresyon Analizi kullanılmıştır.Bulgular: Araştırma sonuçlarına göre; katılımcıların %13,7’sinde kilogeri alımı gerçekleştiği; depresyon, gece yeme, duygusal yeme ve yemeendişesi puanlarının kilo geri alımı olanlarda, olmayanlara göre dahayüksek olduğu; evli olmanın, duygusal yemenin ve ameliyattan sonrageçen sürenin kilo geri; ihtiyacı olan günlük besin miktarını bilmeninise negatif yönde yordadığı saptanmıştır.Sonuç: Bariatrik ameliyatlar sonrası görülebilen kilo geri alımınıetkileyen demografik ve psikolojik etmenler mevcuttur. Bu konuda,ülkemizde ilk olan bu çalışmayı takiben, özellikle uzun izlemçalışmalarına ihtiyaç vardır. Obezite tedavisinde başarı için, uzun sürelimultidisipliner bir protokol uygulanması önerilmektedir.Objective: We aimed to determine whether night eating, emotional eating, eating concerns, depression, and some demographic characteristics are associated with the weight regain observed after bariatric surgery. Method: The study group consisted of 117 adults with an age range of 21 to 56 years, residing at different cities of Turkey. The participants were assessed at the post-operative 12th- 98th months with Night Eating Questionnaire, Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire-Emotional Eating Subscale, Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire, Eating Concern Subscale of Eating Disorder Scale and Beck Depression Inventory. Mann Whitney U Test, Pearson Correlation Analysis and Hierarchical Multiple Linear Regression were used for data analyses. Results: Post-operatively, 13.7% of participants regained weight. The results displayed that depression, night eating, emotional eating and eating concern scores were higher in the participants who regained weight. Being married, emotional eating and time elapsed after the surgery positively, while knowledge on the amount of daily nutrients needed negatively predicted weight regain. Conclusion: Some demographic and psychological factors may affect the weight regain observed after bariatric surgeries. This study is the first in this field in Turkey, and longitudinal studies are needed. A long term multidisciplinary follow-up protocol is recommended for successful treatment of obesity.WOS:0004967142000052-s2.0-85065237940PubMed: 3117030

SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION IN OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER AND PANIC DISORDER

Background: Clinical research has provided conflicting evidence regarding sexual dysfunction in patients with OCD and PD. This study was undertaken to assess and compare certain parameters of sexual functioning in OCD and PD patients. Subjects and methods: The study population consisted of 80 patients between 20 and 60 years of age with a diagnosis of OCD or PD who were followed and treated at the anxiety outpatient unit of Bakirkoy Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders between 2005 and 2006. The total study population comprised of 40 patients with OCD, 40 patients with PD, and 40 healthy volunteers as the control group. Of the two questionnaires used for study purposes, the first provided information on demographic data and certain parameters of sexual functioning, while the second was the validated Turkish translation of the Golombok-Rust Sexual Satisfaction Inventory with transliteral equivalence. Results: Male subjects with OCD had a lower age of first masturbation and first nocturnal ejaculation. Infrequency problem among female and male patients with OCD occurred in 63.6% and 57.1%, respectively. Corresponding figures for PD patients were 36% and 38%. Thus, infrequency problem was more frequent among OCD patients. Sexual avoidance was found in 60.6% of female OCD patients and in 64% of female PD patients. Anorgasmia was detected in 24.2% of the female subjects with OCD. Conclusion: Sexual dysfunction unrelated to pharmacotherapy has been found to occur in OCD and PD. Assessment of sexual functioning in these individuals before treatment may help prevent deterioration of sexual function that may occur upon introduction of psychotropic medications

Clinical Charactheristics of Late Onset Mania

Objective: Our aim is to compare demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with early and late-onset diagnosed as bipolar disorder type I (BPD-I) manic episode retrospectively