317 research outputs found
Development of intermediate moisture marinated fish product and its storage characteristics
An attempt was made to prepare an intermediate moisture (around 44% moisture) marinated (pH around 4) fish product. Fillets from Sciaenid fish (each fish weighing 70-80 gm) were dipped in a solution containing 7% acetic acid, 20% common salt and 1% propionic acid for 2 hours. After soaking, the soaked fillets were partially dried to about 44% moisture. Three effective hurdles like low pH (by using 7% acetic add and 1% propionic acid), low water activity (by using 20% salt and partially drying the fillets) and preservative (1% propionic add), were used to prepare a shelf-stable product at room temperature. The dried product was sprayed with 0.0 5% BHA in 50% alcohol and further dried for 10 minutes to remove added water and alcohol, thereby another hurdle (preservative) against fat oxidation. The product was packed in 300 gauge polythene bags and stored in transparent screw cap plastic jars. Fortnightly samples were drawn and subjected to biochemical, bacteriological and organoleptic evaluation to study its storage characteristics. The product was in good acceptable form up to 4 months at ambient temperature. The product needed one hour soaking in water with two changes of water in between to make it free from excess salt and acid smell
A simple method for Bachmann's bundle pacing with indigenous modification of J-stylet
AbstractBackgroundPacing in the Bachmann's bundle (BB) area (upper atrial septum) appears superior to right atrial appendage or free wall stimulation for the prevention of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in patients with atrial conduction delay. However, insertion of active fixation lead in the upper atrial septal position is difficult and time consuming with conventional stylet, inhibiting application of this pacing method in routine practice.MethodsThe technique of positioning the atrial lead in BB with hand-made stylet is presented with emphasis on electrocardiographic P-wave pattern and fluoroscopic landmarks.ResultsThe results demonstrate an acute implantation and short-term success of BB pacing of 14 patients out of 15 patients without major complications. Pacing parameters at implantation and 3 months postprocedure were noted which were within normal limits.ConclusionThese favorable initial results indicate that the positioning of active fixation atrial lead in BB with fluoroscopic landmarks is feasible and reproducible with a simple technique
Rearing of Labeo bata in sewage-fed fish culture pond
Labeo bata is a highly priced fish which commanding good consumer preference, even if the size is very small (15 to 20 g each), especially in West Bengal. With a view to evaluating the culture potential of this fish, repeated experiments were conducted at the Wastewater Aquaculture Division of the Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Rahara, West Bengal, during 1991-93 in ponds fed with treated domestic sewage effluent. An average production of 1270.63 kg per ha was obtained within 6 to 10 months for a uniform stocking density of 50,000 seed per ha. The average size attained by the fish in the different sets of experiments varied from 23.3 to 37.9 g as against the initial weight of 0.096 to 0.193 g. Details of management, growth, survival, quantity of sewage used and pond nutrient status and productivity are dealt with in this communication
Effects of gamma radiation and freezing on the chemical and sensory changes in shrimp Penaeus monodon (Fabricius, 1978)
Gamma radiation (3, 6 and 9 kGy) in combination with low temperature (-20°C) were applied to retain the quality and shelf-life of shrimp, Penaeus monodon for a longer period. The quality was assessed by monitoring the chemical (TVN, TMA) and sensory changes in irradiated and non-irradiated (control) samples. Among chemical indicators of spoilage, total volatile nitrogen (TVN) values for irradiated shrimps were found to be 2.26, 2.18 and 1.57 mg N/100g of sample at 3, 6 and 9 kGy respectively after 90 days whereas for non-irradiated samples it was found 2.45mg N/100 g of sample. Trimethylamine (TMA) value for non-irradiated samples after 90 days were found 2.30mg N/100 g sample whereas that for irradiated shrimps at 3, 6 and 9 kGy were found to be 2.10, 2.08 and 1.98 mg N/100 g sample respectively. The sensory scores of control sample were gradually decreased with the progress of storage period. From this study, it was clear that gamma radiation in combination with low temperature showed shelf-life extension (90 days) in each dose of radiation used but during the use of 9 kGy radiation, P. monodon showed best quality
Substitution of live feed by formulated diet: effect on the growth and survival of Betta splendens (Regan) fry
The present work evaluates the effectiveness of partial or total replacement of live feed (LF) (Tubifex) together with formulated diet (FD) for Betta splendens. Three hundred Betta splendens fry of uniform size (mean weight 0.19±0.01g) were equally distributed in five treatment groups with three replicates in glass aquaria of 351itre capacity. Fishes were given diets at different ratio of LF and FD viz. T1(C) 100% LF; T2 75% LF, 25% FD; T3 50% LF, 50% FD; T4 25% LF, 75% FD and T5 100% FD and the experiment continued for 105 days. T2 group registered highest (P<0.05) % body weight gain (125.61±0.26) and specific growth rate (2.34±0.02), which was similar to T1 and T3 groups. Lowest FCR was recorded in T2 (2.40±0.11) group, which was similar to Tl, T3 and T4 groups. Highest (P<0.05) PER was observed in T4 (1.00±0.03) group, which was similar to T3 and T5 groups. At the end of experiment, highest % survival was recoded in T1, T2 and T3 groups (96.67±1.67), which was similar to T4 group. From the study, it is concluded that LF can be successfully replaced up to 75% by FD without any adverse effect on the growth and survival of Betta splendens
Phonon anomalies and electron-phonon interaction in RuSr_2GdCu_2O_8 ferromagnetic superconductor: Evidence from infrared conductivity
Critical behavior of the infrared reflectivity of RuSr_2GdCu_2O_8 ceramics is
observed near the superconducting T_{SC} = 45 K and magnetic T_M = 133 K
transition temperatures. The optical conductivity reveals the typical features
of the c-axis optical conductivity of strongly underdoped multilayer
superconducting cuprates. The transformation of the Cu-O bending mode at 288
cm^{-1} to a broad absorption peak at the temperatures between T^* = 90 K and
T_{SC} is clearly observed, and is accompanied by the suppression of spectral
weight at low frequencies. The correlated shifts to lower frequencies of the
Ru-related phonon mode at 190 cm^{-1} and the mid-IR band at 4800 cm^{-1} on
decreasing temperature below T_M are observed. It provides experimental
evidence in favor of strong electron-phonon coupling of the charge carriers in
the Ru-O layers which critically depends on the Ru core spin alignment. The
underdoped character of the superconductor is explained by strong hole
depletion of the CuO_2 planes caused by the charge carrier self-trapping at the
Ru moments.Comment: 11 pages incl. 5 figures, submitted to PR
Edge reconstructions in fractional quantum Hall systems
Two dimensional electron systems exhibiting the fractional quantum Hall
effects are characterized by a quantized Hall conductance and a dissipationless
bulk. The transport in these systems occurs only at the edges where gapless
excitations are present. We present a {\it microscopic} calculation of the edge
states in the fractional quantum Hall systems at various filling factors using
the extended Hamiltonian theory of the fractional quantum Hall effect. We find
that at the quantum Hall edge undergoes a reconstruction as the
background potential softens, whereas quantum Hall edges at higher filling
factors, such as , are robust against reconstruction. We present
the results for the dependence of the edge states on various system parameters
such as temperature, functional form and range of electron-electron
interactions, and the confining potential. Our results have implications for
the tunneling experiments into the edge of a fractional quantum Hall system.Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures; minor typos corrected; added 2 reference
Fermion Chern Simons Theory of Hierarchical Fractional Quantum Hall States
We present an effective Chern-Simons theory for the bulk fully polarized
fractional quantum Hall (FQH) hierarchical states constructed as daughters of
general states of the Jain series, {\it i. e.} as FQH states of the
quasi-particles or quasi-holes of Jain states. We discuss the stability of
these new states and present two reasonable stability criteria. We discuss the
theory of their edge states which follows naturally from this bulk theory. We
construct the operators that create elementary excitations, and discuss the
scaling behavior of the tunneling conductance in different situations. Under
the assumption that the edge states of these fully polarized hierarchical
states are unreconstructed and unresolved, we find that the differential
conductance for tunneling of electrons from a Fermi liquid into {\em any}
hierarchical Jain FQH states has the scaling behavior with the
universal exponent , where is the filling fraction of the
hierarchical state. Finally, we explore alternative ways of constructing FQH
states with the same filling fractions as partially polarized states, and
conclude that this is not possible within our approach.Comment: 10 pages, 50 references, no figures; formerly known as "Composite
Fermions: The Next Generation(s)" (title changed by the PRB thought police).
This version has more references and a discussion of the stability of the new
states. Published version. One erroneous reference is correcte
Preparation and Characterization of Metformin Hydrochloride — Compritol 888 ATO Solid Dispersion
Metformin hydrochloride (MET) sustained-release solid dispersions (SD) were prepared by the solvent evaporation and closed melt method, using compritol 888 ATO as the polymer with five different drug-carrier ratios. Characterization of solid dispersion was carried out by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy, Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD). The FTIR and UV studies suggested that no bond formation had occurred between the polymer and the drug. DSC and XPRD results ruled out any interaction or complex formation between the drug and the polymer. The formulated SD had acceptable physicochemical characters and SD with a 1 : 4 drug : Polymer ratio, which released the drug over an extended period of eight-to-ten hours. The data obtained from the in vitro release studies were fitted with various kinetic models and were found to follow the Korsmeyer-Peppas equation. The prepared SD showed good stability over the studied time period. The solvent evaporation method was found to be more helpful than the closed melt method, giving the sustained release action. The SD with a 1 : 4 ratio of drug to polymer, by the solvent evaporation method, was selected as the most effective candidate for the subsequent development of a well-timed, sustained-release dosage form of the drug
TREE COMMUNITY COMPOSITION AND ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS IN A SECONDARY ATLANTIC FOREST, SERRA DO MAR STATE PARK, SÃO PAULO, BRAZIL
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