Competitive balance measures and the uncertainty of outcome hypothesis in European football

Competitive balance is an important issue in professional sport in general and European football in particular. However, competitive balance is difficult to quantify because competitiveness is multidimensional and particular sports are distinctive. We aim to identify the most appropriate index for a holistic view of competitive balance in European football. We use data from eight domestic European football leagues over a time span of 60 years. The indices we consider are specifically designed to capture competitiveness at different levels of performance and in this way reflect the peculiarities of European football leagues. Our findings support the longstanding uncertainty of outcome hypothesis. A bivariate index that captures competitiveness in the top K places is shown to have the highest association with attendance. A seasonal index of champions' domination is also found to have a large association with attendance. Finally, ranking mobility is found to have a slightly higher association with attendance than seasonal performance. These results imply that sports policy makers should use these indices to assess strategic decisions that may influence competitive balance

Serious game top eleven as an educational tool in sports economics

The present study aims to explore the use of the serious game Top Eleven as an auxiliary educational tool in a sports economics undergraduate course. This attempt is warranted because serious games can provide real life/work experiences and set the ground for managerial – economics skills development. The selection of the specific serious game is based on the ample and varied sports economics data provided and its free of charge online accessibility. Following the case study methodology, a virtual football club was created and managed within Top Eleven. The stated research questions were based on the analysis and application of the generated data to a number of economic concepts identified in a specific sports economics textbook. Based on the analysis results, twelve out of 17 in total identified economic concepts were successfully analyzed using eleven economic data sources of items embedded in the game. The implementation phase showed that Top Eleven could be used as an educational supporting tool in the form of a virtual internship to gain practical experience by applying sports economic concepts for the financial management of a professional football club. It is argued that the game offers a sensible working environment in sports economics and the associated sport management field. © 2021, Serious Games Society. All rights reserved

Power generation prediction of an open cycle gas turbine using kalman filter

The motivation for this paper is the enhanced role of power generation prediction in power plants and power systems in the smart grid paradigm. The proposed approach addresses the impact of the ambient temperature on the performance of an open cycle gas turbinewhen using the Kalman Filter (KF) technique and the power-temperature (P-T) characteristic of the turbine. Several Kalman Filtering techniques are tested to obtain improved temperature forecasts, which are then used to obtain output power predictions. A typical P-T curve of an open-cycle gas turbine is used to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method. Nonlinear and linear discrete process models are studied. Extended Kalman Filters are proposed for the nonlinear model. The Time Varying, Time Invariant, and Steady State Kalman Filters are used with the linearized model. Simulation results show that the power generation prediction obtained using the Extended Kalman Filter with the piecewise linear model yields improved forecasts. The linear formulations, though less accurate, are a promising option when a power generation forecast for a small-term and short-term time window is required. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland

Foreign players and competitive balance in Greek basketball and handball championships

One of the key issues of team sport championships is competitive balance. One of the dimensions of competitive balance is concerned with the differences in sporting capabilities of teams within a season. The aim of this study is to evaluate competitive balance in Greek basketball and handball championships in relation to the presence and number of foreign players. The examined periods are from 1965–1966 to 2012–2013 (n = 47) for basketball and from 1983–1984 to 2012–2013 (n = 30) for handball. Foreign players appeared in basketball starting from 1988 while in handball from 1999. For each season and sport, two global and three special indices that capture competitive balance in the multileveled championship structure were calculated. Results showed that the number of foreign players per team is dependent on the country's macroeconomic status and in its turn improves the overall competitiveness, as well as competitiveness at the relegation level. In handball foreign players appeared later and in lesser numbers than in basketball. The increase in competitiveness of the national basketball league as a result of the increase in numbers of foreign players across all teams was followed by an upsurge in the quality, performance and achievements of the top teams participating in the European competitions. © 2015 Sport Management Association of Australia and New Zealan

Power generation prediction of an open cycle gas turbine using kalman filter

The motivation for this paper is the enhanced role of power generation prediction in power plants and power systems in the smart grid paradigm. The proposed approach addresses the impact of the ambient temperature on the performance of an open cycle gas turbinewhen using the Kalman Filter (KF) technique and the power-temperature (P-T) characteristic of the turbine. Several Kalman Filtering techniques are tested to obtain improved temperature forecasts, which are then used to obtain output power predictions. A typical P-T curve of an open-cycle gas turbine is used to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method. Nonlinear and linear discrete process models are studied. Extended Kalman Filters are proposed for the nonlinear model. The Time Varying, Time Invariant, and Steady State Kalman Filters are used with the linearized model. Simulation results show that the power generation prediction obtained using the Extended Kalman Filter with the piecewise linear model yields improved forecasts. The linear formulations, though less accurate, are a promising option when a power generation forecast for a small-term and short-term time window is required. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland