An exploratory study of sexual and reproductive health knowledge, information-seeking behaviour and attitudes among Saudi women: A questionnaire survey of university students.

PhDBackground: In Saudi Arabia, women‘s sexual and reproductive health (SRH) is an area, which is usually linked with morality, tradition and religion. This can influence the provision of SRH education or services. Little is known about the knowledge, needs, attitudes or practices of Saudi women in relation to their SRH. Furthermore, earlier studies from other Arab countries had failed to consider married and single women separately. This exploratory study aimed to provide the basis for further research on the SRH of Saudi women, both single and married. Study design: A cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted, using a translated and piloted anonymous questionnaire in 2013-14. Participants were female students, single and married, at universities in the city of Riyadh. Ethical approvals were granted in Riyadh and the UK. Result: Three hundred and sixty-five students from four of the 13 universities in Riyadh (two governmental and two private) completed questionnaires. SRH knowledge varied widely among participants, with many holding serious misconceptions. 84.1% had a poor general SRH knowledge where single students were more likely to have low knowledge than married ones. While the level of knowledge for married students was higher than among the singles and a poor level of STI knowledge was found to be more among students at private universities, undergraduate and who‘s never been married before. Age, marital status, level of study, type of university and having watched films or seen photographs depicting sexual activities were predictors of knowledge level. Discussion: This study provides, for the first time, fundamental information concerning Saudi female students‘ SRH knowledge and information-seeking behaviour its contributed to knowledge for the first time by looking into single and married women. These findings reveal the limited understanding of the SRH needs and problems of this particular group

Protocol study: Sexual and reproductive health knowledge, information-seeking behaviour and attitudes among Saudi women: A questionnaire survey of university students

Copyright © 2014 Farih et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.Background - Sexual and reproductive health (SRH), a basic right for women worldwide, is infrequently researched in countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). No empirical studies of SRH among Saudi women exist. This protocol describes a study to explore the SRH knowledge, information-seeking behaviour and attitudes of Saudi female university students. Methods/Design - This study will administer a questionnaire survey to female students at 13 universities in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire was developed following a literature search to identify relevant content, with psychometrically tested tools used when available. The content layout and the wording and order of the questions were designed to minimize the risk of bias. The questionnaire has been translated into Arabic and piloted in preparation for administration to the study sample. Ethical approval for the study has been granted (reference no. QMREC2012/54). After questionnaire administration, the data will be collated, analysed and reported anonymously. The findings will be published in compliance with reporting guidelines for survey research. Discussion - This study will be the first to provide fundamental information concerning Saudi females university students SRH knowledge and information needs.King Abdullah Scholarship Program, Saudi Arabi

Modelat de turbomàquines durant la seva operació en cicles criogènics

[ES] El proyecto pretende modelar las turbomáquinas que componen un ciclo de Brayton inverso en operación criogénica. Tanto compresores como turbina serán modelados en condiciones de operación reales y los modelos serán validados con datos experimentales obtenidos de un ciclo prototipo. Los modelos se usarán para analizar los flujos de calor en las turbomáquinas y determinar la importancia de éstos en el rendimiento efectivo de las mismas. Los modelos también se usarán para analizar si las máquinas operan dentro o fuera de sus zonas de rendimiento óptimo. En caso de determinar que las máquinas comerciales elegidas operan muy fuera de diseño, el modelo orientará el rediseño de máquinas mejor adaptadas a los ciclos criogénicos.[EN] The project aims to model the turbomachines that make up a reverse Brayton cycle in cryogenic operation. Both compressors and turbine will be modeled in real operating conditions and the models will be validated with experimental data obtained from a prototype cycle. The models will be used to analyze the heat fluxes in the turbomachinery and determine the importance of these in the effective performance of the same. The models will also be used to analyze whether the machines are operating within or outside of their optimal performance zones. In case of determining that the chosen commercial machines operate very out of design, the model will guide the redesign of machines better adapted to cryogenic cycles.Farih Ouzzaouit, M. (2022). Modeling of turbomachines during their operation in cryogenic cycles. Universitat Politècnica de València. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/185206TFG