Plasma BDNF independently associated with reverse-dipper pattern of nocturnal blood pressure change.

<p>Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed. The covariates included age, male sex, classical cardiovascular risk factors (body mass index, current smoking, cardiovascular disease history, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, eGFR), medical hypertension treatment (calcium-channel blocker, α or β blocker, ACE inhibitor or ARB, diuretic agent), AHI and BDNF. BDNF was natural logarithm-transformed (ln) to achieve a normal distribution. OR; odds ratio, CI; confidence interval, eGFR; estimated glomerular filtration rate, ACE: angiotensin converting enzyme, ARB; angiotensin receptor blocker, AHI; apnea hypopnea index, BDNF; brain-derived neurotrophic factor.</p

Correlation coefficients between nocturnal SBP fall and clinical factors.

<p>Correlation coefficients between nocturnal SBP fall and clinical factors.</p

Correlation coefficients between time awake after sleep onset, awake physical activity and clinical factors.

<p>Correlation coefficients between time awake after sleep onset, awake physical activity and clinical factors.</p

Clinical characteristics of subjects (n = 303).

<p>Clinical characteristics of subjects (n = 303).</p

Plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor concentration is a predictor of chronic kidney disease in patients with cardiovascular risk factors – Hyogo Sleep Cardio-Autonomic Atherosclerosis study

<div><p>Background</p><p>Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been shown to have protective effects against cardiovascular diseases and death through neural and non-neural pathways via tropomyosin-related kinase B signaling. However, it is not known whether plasma BDNF concentration is a predictor of chronic kidney disease (CKD).</p><p>Design</p><p>This study was conducted as a prospective cohort study as part of the Hyogo Sleep Cardio-Autonomic Atherosclerosis.</p><p>Methods</p><p>We measured plasma BDNF concentration in 324 patients without CKD, defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) less than 60 ml/min/1.73m², and with cardiovascular risk factors. As potential confounders, sleep condition, nocturnal hypertension, and autonomic function were quantitatively examined. The patients were followed for a median 37 months (range 2–59 months) and occurrence of CKD was noted.</p><p>Results</p><p>Plasma BDNF concentration was significantly and independently associated with CKD development, which occurred in 38 patients (11.7%). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that patients with reduced plasma BDNF concentration exhibited a significantly (p = 0.029) greater number of CKD events as compared to those with a higher concentration. Moreover, comparisons of key subgroups showed that the risk of CKD in association with low plasma BDNF concentration was more prominent in patients with a greater reduction of nocturnal systolic blood pressure, better movement index, higher standard deviations of the NN(RR) interval or average NN(RR) interval for each 5-minute period, and without past cardiovascular disease events, smoking habit, or albuminuria.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Plasma BDNF concentration is an independent predictor for development of CKD in patients with cardiovascular risk factors.</p></div

Univariate Cox proportional analysis of factors associated with CKD development.

<p>Univariate Cox proportional analysis of factors associated with CKD development.</p

Clinical characteristics of subjects (n = 324).

<p>Clinical characteristics of subjects (n = 324).</p

Multivariate Cox proportional analysis of factors associated with CKD development.

<p>Multivariate Cox proportional analysis of factors associated with CKD development.</p