A Brief Mindfulness-Based Family Psychoeducation Intervention for Chinese Young Adults With First Episode Psychosis: A Study Protocol

Family psychoeducation (FPE) has been recommended as a major component in the treatment of psychosis. Many previous studies have implemented an intensive program design that often only emphasized improvements in patients’ illness outcomes but the benefits for caregivers were limited. There have been calls for a time-limited but cost-effective FPE program to mitigate the looming reality of the suffering of people with psychosis and their families. A Brief Mindfulness-Based Family Psychoeducation for psychosis program is developed to reduce caregivers’ burden and promote young adult’s recovery. A randomized controlled trial will be conducted to compare this intervention with an ordinary FPE intervention. Both arms will involve six sessions, with a total contact time of 12 h. 300 caregivers of young adults who have experienced first episode psychosis within last 3 years will be recruited. Program effectiveness will be assessed by comparing outcomes measuring the caregivers’ burden, mental health symptoms, positive well-being, and the young adult’s mental health symptoms during the study and at 9-month post-randomization. The role of expressed emotions, interpersonal mindfulness, and non-attachment in mediating these outcomes will be explored. An additional qualitative approach Photovoice is selected to explore the complex family experiences and the benefits of mindfulness from the caregivers’ personal perspectives.Trial Registration: The trial is registered with the United States Clinical Trials Registry (ClinicalTrials.gov): NCT03688009

The effects of a mindfulness-based family psychoeducation intervention for the caregivers of young adults with first-episode psychosis: A randomized controlled trial

Objective: In this study, we investigated the effects of a mindfulness-based family psychoeducation (MBFPE) program on the mental-health outcomes of both caregivers and young adults with first-episode psychosis with an onset in the past three years through a multi-site randomized controlled trial. We also studied the outcomes of three potential mediating effects of interpersonal mindfulness, expressed emotions, and non-attachment on the program. Method: We randomly assigned 65 caregivers of young adults with psychosis to MBFPE (n = 33) or an ordinary family psychoeducation (FPE) program (n = 32); among them, 18 young adults in recovery also participated in the evaluation of outcomes. Results: Intent-to-treat analyses were conducted. No significant time × group interaction effects of MBFPE and FPE programs were found in any of the caregivers’ outcomes. However, the young adults with psychosis reported higher levels of recovery after the MBFPE program than after the ordinary FPE program (F = 8.268, p = 0.012, d = 1.484). They also reported a larger reduction in over-involvement of their caregivers (F = 4.846, p = 0.044, d = 1.136), showing that MBFPE had a superior effect to FPE in promoting recovery and reducing over-involvement. Conclusions: A brief psychoeducation program may not reduce the burden on or improve the mental-health outcome of caregivers of individuals with recent-onset psychosis. However, integrating mindfulness into a conventional family psychoeducation program may reduce the expressed emotions of caregivers, especially over-involvement. Further studies should explore how psychoeducation programs can reduce the impact of psychosis on family through sustainable effects in terms of reducing their burden and expressed emotions, using a rigorous study and adequate sample size

An Evolutionary Video Assignment Optimization Technique for VOD System in Heterogeneous Environment

We investigate the video assignment problem of a hierarchical Video-on-Demand (VOD) system in heterogeneous environments where different quality levels of videos can be encoded using either replication or layering. In such systems, videos are delivered to clients either through a proxy server or video broadcast/unicast channels. The objective of our work is to determine the appropriate coding strategy as well as the suitable delivery mechanism for a specific quality level of a video such that the overall system blocking probability is minimized. In order to find a near-optimal solution for such a complex video assignment problem, an evolutionary approach based on genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed. From the results, it is shown that the system performance can be significantly enhanced by efficiently coupling the various techniques

An Evolutionary Video Assignment Optimization Technique for VOD System in Heterogeneous Environment

We investigate the video assignment problem of a hierarchical Video-on-Demand (VOD) system in heterogeneous environments where different quality levels of videos can be encoded using either replication or layering. In such systems, videos are delivered to clients either through a proxy server or video broadcast/unicast channels. The objective of our work is to determine the appropriate coding strategy as well as the suitable delivery mechanism for a specific quality level of a video such that the overall system blocking probability is minimized. In order to find a near-optimal solution for such a complex video assignment problem, an evolutionary approach based on genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed. From the results, it is shown that the system performance can be significantly enhanced by efficiently coupling the various techniques

The impact of industrial placement on BIS graduate employment and further educational advancement

This study followed two cohorts of BIS (business information systems) graduates (one group had undertaken an industrial placement and the other group had not) and explored the impact of such placement on graduate employment and further educational advancement. 18 BIS graduates with industrial placement and 36 BIS graduates without such placement were involved in the study. Both cohorts graduated near the end of 2017 from the same university in Australia. This study focused on two research questions: (a) What are the likelihood that BIS graduates with and without internship experience secure an IT job? (b) Does internship experience influence BIS graduates' future educational advancement along the IT career paths? On one hand, hypothesis testing found a positive association between BIS internship experience and the success of securing current/first IT-related jobs. On the other hand, no association was found between BIS internship experience and the time spent to find the first IT-related jobs (immediately or some time) after graduation, and between having BIS internship experience and pursuing further studies. The results of this study have contributed to the existing body of mixture evidence on the potential benefits of industrial placement. Due to the quantitative nature of this study, the qualitative aspects (e.g., the quality and fit of internship experience with respect to the type of jobs seek) of internships were not covered

The impact of industrial placement on BIS graduate employment and further educational advancement

This study followed two cohorts of BIS (business information systems) graduates (one group had undertaken an industrial placement and the other group had not) and explored the impact of such placement on graduate employment and further educational advancement. 18 BIS graduates with industrial placement and 36 BIS graduates without such placement were involved in the study. Both cohorts graduated near the end of 2017 from the same university in Australia. This study focused on two research questions: (a) What are the likelihood that BIS graduates with and without internship experience secure an IT job? (b) Does internship experience influence BIS graduates’ future educational advancement along the IT career paths? On one hand, hypothesis testing found a positive association between BIS internship experience and the success of securing current/first IT-related jobs. On the other hand, no association was found between BIS internship experience and the time spent to find the first IT-related jobs (immediately or some time) after graduation, and between having BIS internship experience and pursuing further studies. The results of this study have contributed to the existing body of mixture evidence on the potential benefits of industrial placement. Due to the quantitative nature of this study, the qualitative aspects (e.g., the quality and fit of internship experience with respect to the type of jobs seek) of internships were not covered

創造新一代投入社會、參與社會的大環境

專題討論： 創造新一代投入社會、參與社會的大環境 主持：張笑容小姐　(香港電台節目主持人) (1) 莫漢輝先生 (香港青年協會督導主任(研究及領袖發展) (2) 陳沃聰博士 (香港理工大學應用社會科學系社會政策研究中心副主任) (3) 何濼生教授 (嶺南大學公共政策研究中心主任) (4) 潘麥瑞雯女士 (葵涌兒童及青少年精神科中心高級臨床心理學家

Chemical Composition of Gas and Particle Phase Products of Toluene Photooxidation Reaction under High OH Exposure Condition

In the current study, the photooxidation reaction of toluene (C7H8) was investigated in a Potential Aerosol Mass Oxidation Flow Reactor (PAM OFR). The hydroxyl radical (OH) exposure of toluene in the PAM OFR ranged from 0.4 to 1.4 x 10(12) molec cm(-3) s, which is equivalent to 3 to 12 days of atmospheric oxidation. A proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometer (PTR-MS) and a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) were used to study the gas-phase products formed and particle number changes of the oxidation reaction in PAM OFR. The secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formed in the PAM OFR was also collected for off-line chemical analysis. Key gas-phase reaction products of toluene, including glyoxal, methyl glyoxal, unsaturated carbonyl compounds, and benzaldehyde, were identified by the PTR-MS. Second generation products, including acetic acid, formaldehyde, formic acid, and acetaldehyde, were also detected. By comparing the mass spectrums obtained under different OH exposures and relative humidity (RH), changes in the two parameters have minimal effects on the composition of gas-phase products formed, expect for the spectrum obtained at OH exposure of 0.4 x 10(12) cm(-3) s and RH = 17%, which is slightly different from other spectrums. SMPS results showed that particle mass concentration increases with increasing OH exposure, while particle number concentration first increases and then decreases with increasing OH exposure. This result probably suggests the formation of oligomers at high OH exposure conditions. Off-line chemical analysis of the SOA sample was dominated by C4 diacids, including malic acid, citramalic acid, and tartaric acid. The well-known toluene SOA marker 2,3-Dihydroxy-4-oxopentanoic acid, as well as 2,3-dihydroxyglutaric acid, which has not been identified in previous toluene photooxidation experiments, were also detected in the SOA sample. Our results showed good agreements with the results of previous smog chamber studies of toluene photooxidation reaction, and they suggested that using PAM OFR for studies of oxidation reaction of different VOCs can be atmospherically relevant

Prescription of Chinese Herbal Medicine and Selection of Acupoints in Pattern-Based Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment for Insomnia: A Systematic Review

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatments are often prescribed based on individuals' pattern diagnoses. A systematic review of Chinese and English literatures on TCM pattern differentiation, treatment principle, and pattern-based treatment for insomnia has therefore been conducted. A total of 227 studies, 17916 subjects, and 87 TCM patterns were analyzed. There was a limited consistency in pattern-based TCM treatment of insomnia across practitioners. Except for Gui Pi Tang, An Shen Ding Zhi Wan, and Wen Dan Tang which were used more commonly for deficiency of both the heart and spleen, internal disturbance of phlegm-heat, and qi deficiency of the heart and gallbladder, respectively, the selection of herbal formula for other patterns and pattern-based prescription of individual herbs and acupoints were not consistent. Suanzaoren (Semen Z. spinosae), Fuling (Poria), Yejiaoteng (Caulis P. multiflori), Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae), Baishao (Radix P. alba), Shenmen (HT7), Yintang (EX-HN3), Sanyinjiao (SP6), Baihui (GV20), Anmian (EX-HN22), and Sishencong (EX-HN1) were commonly used, but nonspecifically for many patterns. Treatment principles underlying herb and acupoint selection were seldom reported. Although many studies were reviewed, the study quality and diagnostic process were inadequate. More high quality studies are needed to examine the additional benefits of pattern differentiation and pattern-based TCM treatment