IDENTIFIKASI HAMA PADA TANAMAN PADI INPARI 30 (Oriza sativa L) DI DESA PAPE KECAMATAN BAJAWA KABUPATEN NGADA

This study aims to determine and identify pests that attack Inpari 30 rice plants in Pape Village, Bajawa District, Ngada Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province by making direct observations in the field. This research was carried out starting from February to May 2023. The research object was in the rice fields owned by farmers. This research was descriptive qualitative, namely observing and identifying 30 inpari rice pests that were seen during direct observation on 25 acres of farmer's land in Pape Village. Sampling by cluster sampling method Pest sampling technique is determined by saturated sampling method because all members of the pest population are used as samples. The results of observations in the field indicate that observations in the morning are the first detection of pests in the field. Types of pests include: False white pests, golden snails, grasshoppers, white stem borer (Scirpophaga innotata), green leafhoppers, brown planthoppers, stinging bugs (Leptocorixa acuta) and sparrows. Keywords: Identification, Pests, Diseases of Inpari 30 Rice Plants INTISARIPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mengidentifikasi hama yang menyerang tanaman padi Inpari 30 di Desa Pape Kecamatan Bajawa Kabupaten Ngada Provinsi Nusa tenggara Timur dengan melakukan pengamatan secara langsung di lapangan. Penelitian ini telah laksanakan terhitung mulai  Februari sampai dengan bulan Mei 2023. Obyek penelitian di lahan sawah  milik petani. Penelitian ini deskriptif kualitatif yakni mengamati dan mengidentifikasi jenis hama padi inpari 30 yang terlihat pada saat pengamatan langsung di lahan milik petani seluas 25 are di Desa Pape. Pengambilan sampel dengan metode cluster sampling teknik pengambilan sampel hama ditentukan dengan metode sampling jenuh karena semua anggota populasi hama digunakan sebagai sampel. Hasil pengamatan di lapangan menunjukkan bahwa pengamatan di pagi hari merupakan pendeteksi awal keberadaan hama di lapangan. Jenis hama yang diantaranya: Hama putih palsu, keong mas, belalang, penggerek batang putih (Scirpophaga innotata), wereng hijau, wereng coklat, walang sangit (Leptocorixa acuta) dan burung pipit. Kata kunci: Identifikasi, Hama, Penyakit Tanaman Padi Inpari 3

Laccase catalysed modification of lignin subunits and coupling to p-aminobenzoic acid

Laccase catalysed oxidation of syringyl and guaiacyl subunits of lignin and their modification with an aromatic amine, p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) were investigated. Laccase from Galerina sp. HC1 isolated earlier by us was used as the main catalyst, and Trametes versicolor laccase was used for comparison. Among the syringyl compounds, syringic acid and syringaldehyde were oxidised to 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone, and in the presence of PABA yielded a cross-coupling imine product. The reaction with methyl syringol resulted in several products whose structures were determined. The possible oxidative coupling pathways were proposed for the formation of the identified products. Oxidation of syringol and the guaiacyl compounds resulted mainly in homooligomers by free radical mechanism, with a negligible tendency of reaction with the nucleophilic group of PABA. Similar treatment of Eucalyptus Kraft lignin, which is rich in syringyl moieties, showed the presence of identical products obtained with syringic acid and syringaldehyde. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010-19: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. Methods The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk-outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. Findings Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4.45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4.01-4.94) deaths and 105 million (95.0-116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44.4% (41.3-48.4) of all cancer deaths and 42.0% (39.1-45.6) of all DALYs. There were 2.88 million (2.60-3.18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50.6% 47.8-54.1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1.58 million (1.36-1.84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36.3% 32.5-41.3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20.4% (12.6-28.4) and DALYs by 16.8% (8.8-25.0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34.7% 27.9-42.8] and 33.3% 25.8-42.0]). Interpretation The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license