On the self-consistent model of the axisymmetric radio pulsar magnetosphere

We consider a model of axisymmetric neutron star magnetosphere. In our approach, the current density in the region of open field lines is constant and the returning current flows in a narrow layer along the separatrix. In this case, the stream equation describing the magnetic field structure is linear both in the open and closed regions, the main problem lying in matching the solutions along the separatrix (Okamoto 1974; Lyubarskii 1990). We demonstrate that it is the stability condition on the separatrix that allows us to obtain a unique solution of the problem. In particular, the zero point of magnetic field is shown to locate near the light cylinder. Moreover, the hypothesis of the existence of the nonlinear Ohm's Law (Beskin, Gurevich & Istomin 1983) connecting the potential drop in the pair creation region and the longitudinal electric current flowing in the magnetosphere is confirmed.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, twocolumn MNRAS styl

On the thermal conduction in tangled magnetic fields in clusters of galaxies

Thermal conduction in tangled magnetic fields is reduced because heat conducting electrons must travel along the field lines longer distances between hot and cold regions of space than if there were no fields. We consider the case when the tangled magnetic field has a weak homogeneous component. We examine two simple models for temperature in clusters of galaxies: a time-independent model and a time-dependent one. We find that the actual value of the effective thermal conductivity in tangled magnetic fields depends on how it is defined for a particular astrophysical problem. Our final conclusion is that the heat conduction never totally suppressed but is usually important in the central regions of galaxy clusters, and therefore, it should not be neglected.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figure

Effect of Coulomb collisions on time variations of the solar neutrino flux

We consider the possibility of time variations of the solar neutrino flux due to the radial motion of the Earth and neutrino interference effects. We calculate the time variations of the detected neutrino flux and the extent to which they are suppressed by Coulomb collisions of the neutrino emitting nuclei. To properly treat the collisions, it is necessary to simultaneously include in our analysis all other significant physical decoherence effects: the energy averaging and the averaging over the position of neutrino emission. A simple and clear physical picture of the time dependent solar neutrino problem is presented and qualitative coherence criteria are discussed. Exact results for the detected neutrino flux and its time variations are obtained for both the case of a solar neutrino line, and the case of the continuous neutrino spectrum with a Gaussian shape of the energy response function of the neutrino detector. We give accurate constraints on the vacuum mixing angle and the neutrino masses required for flux time variations to not be suppressed. Pac(s): 26.65.+t, 14.60.Pq, 96.60.JwComment: 43 pages, 8 figures, 4 appendices; changed title, MSW jump probability formula and figure

Amplification of magnetic fields by dynamo action in Gaussian-correlated helical turbulence

We investigate the growth and structure of magnetic fields amplified by kinematic dynamo action in turbulence with non-zero kinetic helicity. We assume a simple Gaussian velocity correlation tensor, which allows us to consider very large magnetic Reynolds numbers, up to one trillion. We use the kinematic Kazantsev-Kraichnan model of dynamo and find a complete numerical solution for the correlation functions of growing magnetic fields.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure

Magnetic reconnection with anomalous resistivity in two-and-a-half dimensions I: Quasi-stationary case

In this paper quasi-stationary, two-and-a-half-dimensional magnetic reconnection is studied in the framework of incompressible resistive magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). A new theoretical approach for calculation of the reconnection rate is presented. This approach is based on local analytical derivations in a thin reconnection layer, and it is applicable to the case when resistivity is anomalous and is an arbitrary function of the electric current and the spatial coordinates. It is found that a quasi-stationary reconnection rate is fully determined by a particular functional form of the anomalous resistivity and by the local configuration of the magnetic field just outside the reconnection layer. It is also found that in the special case of constant resistivity reconnection is Sweet-Parker and not Petschek.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures, minor changes as compared to the 1st versio

Structure of Small-Scale Magnetic Fields in the Kinematic Dynamo Theory

In the interstellar medium and protogalactic plasmas, the magnetic Prandtl number is very large, and the kinematic dynamo therefore produces a broad spectrum of growing magnetic fluctuations at small (subviscous) scales. The condition for the onset of nonlinear effects depends on the structure of the field lines. We study the statistical correlations that are set up in the field pattern and show that the magnetic-field lines possess a folding structure, where most of the scale decrease is due to the field variation across itself, while the scale of the field variation along itself stays approximately constant. Specifically, we find that, though both the magnetic energy and the mean square curvature of the field lines grow exponentially, the field strength and the field-line curvature are anticorrelated, i.e. the curved field is relatively weak, while the growing field is relatively flat. The detailed analysis of the statistics of the curvature shows that it possesses a stationary limiting distribution with the bulk located at the values of curvature comparable to the characteristic wave number of the velocity field and a power-like tail extending to large values of curvature where it is cut off by the resistive regularization. The growth of the curvature occurs in a small fraction of the total volume of the system, is due to the intermittent nature of the curvature distribution, and is limited only by the resistive cut-off. The implication of the folding effect is that the advent of the Lorentz back reaction occurs when the magnetic energy approaches that of the smallest turbulent eddies

Transport phenomena in stochastic magnetic mirrors

Parallel thermal conduction along stochastic magnetic field lines may be reduced because the heat conducting electrons become trapped and detrapped between regions of strong magnetic field (magnetic mirrors). The problem reduces to a simple but realistic model for diffusion of mono-energetic electrons based on the fact that when there is a reduction of diffusion, it is controlled by a subset of the mirrors, the principle mirrors. The diffusion reduction can be considered as equivalent to an enhancement of the pitch angle scattering rate. Therefore, in deriving the collision integral, we modify the pitch angle scattering term. We take into account the full perturbed electron-electron collision integral, as well as the electron-proton collision term. Finally, we obtain the four plasma transport coefficients and the effective thermal conductivity. We express them as reductions from the classical values. We present these reductions as functions of the ratio of the magnetic field decorrelation length to the electron mean free path at the thermal speed $V_T=\sqrt{2kT/m_e}$. We briefly discuss an application of our results to clusters of galaxies. Key words: magnetic fields: conduction --- magnetic fields: diffusion --- methods: analytical --- plasmasComment: 25 pages, 7 figures, 3 appendice

ESTIMATION OF INTRUSION DETECTION PROBABILITY BY PASSIVE INFRARED DETECTORS

Subject of Research. The paper deals with estimation of detection probability of intruder by passive infrared detector in different conditions of velocity and direction for automated analyses of physical protection systems effectiveness. Method. Analytic formulas for detection distance distribution laws obtained by means of experimental histogram approximation are used. Main Results. Applicability of different distribution laws has been studied, such as Rayleigh, Gauss, Gamma, Maxwell and Weibull distribution. Based on walk tests results, approximation of experimental histograms of detection distance probability distribution laws by passive infrared detectors was done. Conformity of the histograms to the mentioned analytical laws according to fitting criterion 2 has been checked for different conditions of velocity and direction of intruder movement. Mean and variance of approximate distribution laws were equal to the same parameters of experimental histograms for corresponding intruder movement parameters. Approximation accuracy evaluation for above mentioned laws was done with significance level of 0.05. According to fitting criterion 2, the Rayleigh and Gamma laws are corresponded mostly close to the histograms for different velocity and direction of intruder movement. Dependences of approximation accuracy for different conditions of intrusion have been got. They are usable for choosing an approximation law in the certain condition. Practical Relevance. Analytic formulas for detection probability are usable for modeling of intrusion process and objective effectiveness estimation of physical protection systems by both developers and users

Lorentz Symmetry Violation and Galactic Magnetism

We analyze the generation of primordial magnetic fields during de Sitter inflation in a Lorentz-violating theory of Electrodynamics containing a Chern-Simons term which couples the photon to an external four-vector. We find that, for appropriate magnitude of the four-vector, the generated field is maximally helical and, through an inverse cascade caused by turbulence of primeval plasma, reaches at the time of protogalactic collapse an intensity and correlation length such as to directly explain galactic magnetism.Comment: 5 pages, minor revisions, version published in Phys. Lett.