Os primeiros 62 AGNs observados com o SDSS-IV MaNGA : populações estelares espacialmente resolvidas

Uma das vertentes de estudo da evolução de galáxias se concentra nos processos de alimentação (feeding) e de retroalimentação (feedback) do núcleo ativo de galáxias (active galactic nucleus; AGN). AGNs são fenômenos muito energéticos, podendo alterar a distribuição de matéria (estelar e gasosa) no seu entorno. Neste trabalho apresentamos mapas de populações estelares espacialmente resolvidos, perfis radiais médios e gradientes destes para as primeiras 62 galáxias com núcleo ativo, observadas no Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO do Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV, para estudar os efeitos de AGNs no histórico de formação estelar das galáxias hospedeiras. Esses resultados, derivados com síntese de populações estelares (utilizando o código starlight), são comparados com os derivados para uma amostra de galáxias inativas cujas propriedades foram pareadas com as ativas. A fração de populações estelares jovens (t 2:6 Gyr), cuja fração diminui com o raio. Também comparamos os resultados (diferenças entre AGNs e controles) de galáxias hospedeiras early e late-type e não encontramos nenhuma diferença significativa. Em resumo, nossos resultados sugerem que a atividade dos AGNs mais luminosas seja alimentada por um suprimento recente de gás, que, por sua vez, também ativou formação estelar recente (t 40Myr) nas regiões centrais.One of the main open problems in galaxy evolution's studies concentrates on the feeding and feedback processes generated by the active galactic nuclei (AGN). AGN are very energetic phenomena that can alter their surrounding environment (stellar or gaseous). In this work, we present spatially resolved stellar population age maps, average radial pro les and gradients for the rst 62 Active Galactic Nuclei observed with SDSS-IV's Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO survey (MaNGA) to study the e ects of the active nuclei on the star formation history of the host galaxies. These results, derived with stellar population synthesis (using the starlight code), are compared with a control sample of non-active galaxies matching the properties of the AGN hosts. We nd that the fraction of young stellar populations (t 2:6 Gyr), whose fraction decreases outwards. We also compare our results (di erences between AGN and control galaxies) for the early and late-type hosts and nd no signi cant di erences. In summary, our results suggest that the most luminous AGN seems to have been triggered by a recent supply of gas that has also triggered recent star formation (t 40Myr) in the central region

BASS XXXI : outflow scaling relations in low redshift X-ray AGN host galaxies with MUSE

Ionized gas kinematics provide crucial evidence of the impact that active galactic nuclei (AGNs) have in regulating star formation in their host galaxies. Although the presence of outflows in AGN host galaxies has been firmly established, the calculation of outflow properties such as mass outflow rates and kinetic energy remains challenging. We present the [O III]λ5007 ionized gas outflow properties of 22 z<0.1 X-ray AGN, derived from the BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey using MUSE/VLT. With an average spatial resolution of 1 arcsec (0.1–1.2 kpc), the observations resolve the ionized gas clouds down to sub-kiloparsec scales. Resolved maps show that the [O III] velocity dispersion is, on average, higher in regions ionized by the AGN, compared to star formation. We calculate the instantaneous outflow rates in individual MUSE spaxels by constructing resolved mass outflow rate maps, incorporating variable outflow density and velocity. We compare the instantaneous values with time-averaged outflow rates by placing mock fibres and slits on the MUSE field-of-view, a method often used in the literature. The instantaneous outflow rates (0.2–275 M yr−1) tend to be two orders of magnitude higher than the time-averaged outflow rates (0.001–40 M yr−1). The outflow rates correlate with the AGN bolometric luminosity (Lbol ∼ 1042.71–1045.62 erg s−1) but we find no correlations with black hole mass (106.1–108.9 M ), Eddington ratio (0.002–1.1), and radio luminosity (1021–1026 W Hz−1). We find the median coupling between the kinetic energy and Lbol to be 1 per cent, consistent with the theoretical predictions for an AGN-driven outflow

The 13th Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey : first spectroscopic data from the SDSS-IV Survey Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory

The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) began observations in 2014 July. It pursues three core programs: the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2), Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA), and the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS). As well as its core program, eBOSS contains two major subprograms: the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey (TDSS) and the SPectroscopic IDentification of ERosita Sources (SPIDERS). This paper describes the first data release from SDSS-IV, Data Release 13 (DR13). DR13 makes publicly available the first 1390 spatially resolved integral field unit observations of nearby galaxies from MaNGA. It includes new observations from eBOSS, completing the Sloan Extended QUasar, Emission-line galaxy, Luminous red galaxy Survey (SEQUELS), which also targeted variability-selected objects and X-ray-selected objects. DR13 includes new reductions of the SDSS-III BOSS data, improving the spectrophotometric calibration and redshift classification, and new reductions of the SDSS-III APOGEE-1 data, improving stellar parameters for dwarf stars and cooler stars. DR13 provides more robust and precise photometric calibrations. Value-added target catalogs relevant for eBOSS, TDSS, and SPIDERS and an updated red-clump catalog for APOGEE are also available. This paper describes the location and format of the data and provides references to important technical papers. The SDSS web site, http://www.sdss.org, provides links to the data, tutorials, examples of data access, and extensive documentation of the reduction and analysis procedures. DR13 is the first of a scheduled set that will contain new data and analyses from the planned ∼6 yr operations of SDSS-IV

The puzzling origin of massive compact galaxies in MaNGA

We characterized the kinematics, morphology, and stellar population (SP) properties of a sample of massive compact quiescent galaxies (MCGs, 10 log M /M 11 and re ∼ 1–3 kpc) in the MaNGA Survey, with the goal of constraining their formation, assembly history, and assessing their relation with non-compact quiescent galaxies. We compared their properties with those of a control sample of median-sized quiescent galaxies (re ∼ 4–8 kpc) with similar effective velocity dispersions. MCGs have elevated rotational support, as evidenced by a strong anticorrelation between the Gauss–Hermite moment h3 and V/σ. In contrast, 30 per cent of control sample galaxies (CSGs) are slow rotators, and fast-rotating CSGs generally show a weak h3–V/σ anticorrelation. MCGs and CSGs have similar ages, but MCGs are more metal-rich and α-enhanced. Both MCGs and CSGs have shallow negative metallicity gradients and flat [α/Fe] gradients. On average, MCGs and CSGs have flat age gradients, but CSGs have a significantly larger dispersion of gradient values. The kinematics and SP properties of MCGs suggest that they experienced highly dissipative gas-rich events, such as mergers, followed by an intense, short, and centrally concentrated burst of star formation, between 4 and 10 Gyr ago (z ∼ 0.4–2), and had a quiet accretion history since then. This sequence of events might be analogous to, although less extreme than, the compaction events that formed compact quiescent galaxies at z ∼ 2. The small sizes of MCGs, and the high efficiency and short duration of their last star formation episode suggest that they are descendants of compact post-starburst galaxies

Gas-phase metallicity determinations in nearby AGNs with SDSS-IV MaNGA : evidence of metal-poor accretion

We derive the metallicity (traced by the O/H abundance) of the narrow-line region (NLR) of 108 Seyfert galaxies as well as radial metallicity gradients along their galaxy discs and of these of a matched control sample of no active galaxies. In view of that, observational data from the SDSS-IV MaNGA survey and strong emission-line calibrations taken from the literature were considered. The metallicity obtained for the NLRs was compared to the value derived from the extrapolation of the radial oxygen abundance gradient, obtained from H II region estimates along the galaxy disc, to the central part of the host galaxies. We find that, for most of the objects (∼ 80 per cent), the NLR metallicity is lower than the extrapolated value, with the average difference ( D ) between these estimates ranging from 0.16 to 0.30 dex. We suggest that D is due to the accretion of metal-poor gas to the AGN that feeds the nuclear supermassive black hole (SMBH), which is drawn from a reservoir molecular and/or neutral hydrogen around the SMBH. Additionally, we look for correlations between D and the electron density (Ne), [O III]λ5007, and H α luminosities, extinction coefficient (AV) of the NLRs, as well as the stellar mass (M∗) of the host galaxies. Evidence of an inverse correlation between the D and the parameters Ne, M∗, and Av was found

The first 62 AGN observed with SDSS-IV MaNGA – IV. Gas excitation and star formation rate distributions

We present maps of the ionized gas flux distributions, excitation, star formation rate (SFR), surface mass density ΣH+, and obtain total values of SFR and ionized gas masses M for 62 active galactic nuclei (AGN) observed with SDSS-IV MaNGA and compare them with those of a control sample of 112 non-active galaxies. The most luminous AGN – with L([OIII]λ5007)≥3.8×1040ergs−1, and those hosted by earlier type galaxies are dominated by Seyfert excitation within 0.2 effective radius Re from the nucleus, surrounded by LINER excitation or transition regions, while the less luminous and hosted by later-type galaxies show equally frequent LINER and Seyfert excitation within 0.2Re. The extent R of the region ionized by the AGN follows the relation R∝L([OIII])0.5 – as in the case of the broad-line region. The SFR distribution over the region ionized by hot stars is similar for AGN and controls, while the integrated SFR – in the range 10−3–10 M⊙ yr−1 is also similar for the late-type subsample, but higher in the AGN for 75 per cent of the early-type subsample. We thus conclude that there is no signature of AGN quenching star formation in the body of the galaxy in our sample. We also find that 66 per cent of the AGN have higher ionized gas masses M than the controls – in the range 105–3 × 107 M⊙ – while 75 per cent of the AGN have higher ΣH+ within 0.2Re than the control galaxie

Precessing winds from the nucleus of the prototype Red Geyser?

Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are present at the centre of most galaxies, with the related mass accretion processes giving origin to outflows in active galactic nuclei (AGNs). It has been presumed that only intense winds from luminous AGNs were able to suppress star formation until the discovery of a new class of galaxies with no recent star formation and with the nucleus in a quiescent state showing kpc scale outflows. We used SDSS MaNGA and Gemini Integral Field Spectroscopy of the prototype Red Geyser Akira and found that the orientation of the outflow changes by about 50° from its nucleus to kpc scales. A possible interpretation is that the outflow is produced by a precessing accretion disc due to a misalignment between the orientation of the disc and the spin of the SMBH. The precession of the central source is also supported by a similar change in the orientation of the ionization pattern. Although similar behaviour has commonly being reported for collimated relativistic jets, the precession of an AGN wide wind is reported here for the first time, implying on a larger work surface of the wind, which in turn increases the star formation suppression efficiency of the outflow

The first 62 AGN observed with SDSS-IV MaNGA – III : stellar and gas kinematics

We investigate the effects of active galactic nuclei (AGN) on the gas kinematics of their host galaxies, using MaNGA data for a sample of 62 AGN hosts and 109 control galaxies (inactive galaxies). We compare orientation of the line of nodes (kinematic position angle – PA) measured from the gas and stellar velocity fields for the two samples. We found that AGN hosts and control galaxies display similar kinematic PA offsets between gas and stars. However, we note that AGN have larger fractional velocity dispersion σ differences between gas and stars [σfrac = (σgas − σstars)/σstars] when compared to their controls, as obtained from the velocity dispersion values of the central (nuclear) pixel (2. 5 diameter). The AGN have a median value of σfrac of AGN = 0.04, while the median value for the control galaxies is CTR =−0.23. 75 per cent of the AGN show σfrac > −0.13, while 75 per cent of the normal galaxies show σfrac < −0.04, thus we suggest that the parameter σfrac can be used as an indicator of AGN activity. We find a correlation between the [OIII]λ5007 luminosity and σfrac for our sample. Our main conclusion is that the AGN already observed with MaNGA are not powerful enough to produce important outflows at galactic scales, but at 1–2 kpc scales, AGN feedback signatures are always present on their host galaxies

The first 62 AGNs observed with SDSS-IV MaNGA : I. Their characterization and definition of a control sample

We report the characterization of the first 62 Mapping Nearby Galaxies at the Apache Point Observatory active galactic nuclei (AGNs) hosts and the definition of a control sample of non-active galaxies. This control sample was selected in order to match the AGN hosts in terms of stellar mass, redshift, visual morphology and inclination. The stellar masses are in the range 9.4 < log M/M < 11.5, and most objects have redshifts ≤0.08. The AGN sample is mostly comprised low-luminosity AGN, with only 17 ‘strong AGN’ with L([O III]λ5007 Å) ≥ 3.8 × 1040 erg s−1. The inner 1–3 kpc of the control sample galaxies are dominated by the oldest (≥ 4Gyr) component, with a small contribution of intermediate age and young stars (<940 Myr). Examining the relationship between the stellar population properties and L([O III]), we find that with increasing L([O III]), the AGN exhibit a decreasing contribution from the oldest stellar population relative to control galaxies and an increasing contribution from the younger components (∼40 Myr).We also find a correlation of the mean age differences (AGN–control) with L([O III]), in the sense that more luminous AGNs are younger than the control objects, while the low-luminosity AGNs are older. These results support a connection between the growth of the galaxy bulge via formation of new stars and the growth of the Supermassive Black Hole via accretion in the AGN phase

Estrelas de idade intermediária como a origem de anéis de baixa dispersão de velocidades : testes com galáxias do MaNGA

Núcleos ativos de galáxias (AGNs) são regiões centrais que emitem grande luminosidade sob a forma de um contínuo não térmico. São observadas diversas classes de objetos com AGNs e acredita-se que a principal fonte de energia tenha como origem um buraco negro super massivo (SMBH) acretando matéria. Modelos para tentar explicar os diferentes tipos de galáxias de núcleo ativo, como o Modelo Unificado (que utiliza argumentos geométricos sob um mesmo tipo de objeto), buscam entender como as galáxias ativas se apresentam de formas tão diversificadas. Para entender melhor esses objetos, projetos como o Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) mapeiam o céu com o propósito de entender os fenômenos que ocorrem durante a formação e evolução de galáxias. MaNGA é um projeto de quarta geração do Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) que tem como objetivo mapear aproximadamente 10000 galáxias próximas utilizando espectroscopia de campo integral (IFS). Fazemos uma descrição do projeto e suas metas científicas. Apresentamos diferentes designs de unidades de campo integral que são muito utilizadas nos surveys atuais e ampliam a qualidade e quantidade de informações dos objetos observados. Também discutimos os padrões de armazenamento de dados utilizados pelo MaNGA. Para o trabalho, escolhemos uma galáxia como estudo de caso para a familiarização como o survey em questão. Descrevemos as ferramentas desenvolvidas para a manipulação de dados do MaNGA e utilizamos o programa starlight para fazer a síntese de populações estelares. Apresentamos os resultados da síntese com mapas das diferentes propriedades calculadas como: taxa de formação estelar, avermelhamento, idades das populações estelares.Active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are very luminous galaxy central regions emitting a nonthermal continuum. Diverse classes of objects with AGNs are observed and it is believed that the main source of their energy is due to a supermassive black hole (SMBH) accreting matter. Models trying to explain the different types of active galaxies, e.g. the Unified Model (which utilizes geometric arguments over the same type of object), seek out to understand how active galaxies present themselves in such a diverse manner. To better understand these objects, the project Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) map the sky with the purpose of understanding the phenomena that occur during the formation of the galaxies. MaNGA is a fourth generation Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) project whose goal is to map approximately 10000 near galaxies utilizing integral field spectroscopy (IFS). We make a description of the project and its scientific goals. We present different integral field spectroscopy designs which are commonly utilized in recent surveys and amplify the quality and quantity of information from the observed objects. We also discuss the data storage standards used by MaNGA. For this work, we have chosen a galaxy as a case study to familiarize ourselves with the mentioned data. We describe the tools we developed to manipulate MaNGA data and used the starlight code to make the stellar population synthesis. We present the results of the synthesis with maps of different calculated properties such as: star formation rate, reddening, stellar population ages