Use Of Xpert For The Diagnosis Of Pulmonary Tuberculosis In Severely Malnourished Hospitalized Malawian Children

Pulmonary tuberculosis contributes to increased morbidity and mortality in severely malnourished children in endemic settings. Despite high clinical suspicion, few tuberculosis prevalence estimates exist in malnourished African children. Diagnostics such as Xpert MTB/RIF may help to determine pulmonary tuberculosis prevalence, however its performance in severely malnourished children is largely unknown

Clinical Versus Rapid Molecular HIV Diagnosis in Hospitalized African Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial Simulating Point-of-Care Infant Testing

Many African infants fail to receive their diagnostic HIV molecular test results and subsequently, antiretroviral therapy (ART). To determine whether a point-of-care molecular HIV test increases ART access for hospitalized Malawian infants, we simulated a point-of-care test using rapid HIV RNA polymerase chain reaction (Rapid PCR) and compared patient outcomes to an optimized standard care that included assessment with the World Health Organization (WHO) clinical algorithm for HIV infection plus a DNA PCR with a turnaround time of several weeks (standard care)

CD4 count outperforms World Health Organization clinical algorithm for point-of-care HIV diagnosis among hospitalised HIV-exposed Malawian infants

To determine, for the WHO algorithm for point-of-care diagnosis of HIV infection, the agreement levels between pediatricians and non-physician clinicians, and to compare sensitivity and specificity profiles of the WHO algorithm and different CD4 thresholds against HIV PCR testing in hospitalized Malawian infants

Treatment as Prevention: Characterization of Partner Infections in the HIV Prevention Trials Network 052 Trial

HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 052 demonstrated that antiretroviral therapy (ART) prevents HIV transmission in serodiscordant couples. HIV from index-partner pairs was analyzed to determine the genetic linkage status of partner infections. Forty-six infections were classified as linked, indicating that the index was the likely source of the partner’s infection. Lack of viral suppression and higher index viral load were associated with linked infection. Eight linked infections were diagnosed after the index started ART: four near the time of ART initiation and four after ART failure. Linked infections were not observed when the index participant was stably suppressed on ART

Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of HIV-infected, ART-naïve individuals at screening visit, stratified by clinical trial and pregnancy status.

<p>Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of HIV-infected, ART-naïve individuals at screening visit, stratified by clinical trial and pregnancy status.</p

Crude and Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for potential predictors of creatinine clearance <50 mg/dl among HIV-infected, ART-naïve individuals, stratified by clinical trial.

<p>Models adjusted for age, gender, BMI, hemoglobin, CD4, and pregnancy.</p>*<p>No pregnant women in the HTPN 052 clinical trial experienced creatinine clearance <50 mg/dl. All women screened for the BAN clinical trial were pregnant.</p

Crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for sensitivity analysis of potential predictors of creatinine clearance <90 ml/min among HIV-infected, ART-naïve pregnant women, stratified by clinical trial.

<p>Models adjusted for age, BMI, hemoglobin, CD4 cell count.</p>*<p>All women screened for the BAN clinical trial were pregnant.</p

Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for potential predictors of Creatinine Clearance <50 mg/dl in HIV-infected, ART-naïve individuals, stratified by gender and pregnancy.

<p>Models adjusted for Age, BMI, CD4 cell count, and hemoglobin.</p

Treatment as Prevention: Characterization of Partner Infections in the HIV Prevention Trials Network 052 Trial

HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 052 demonstrated that antiretroviral therapy (ART) prevents HIV transmission in serodiscordant couples. HIV from index-partner pairs was analyzed to determine the genetic linkage status of partner infections. Forty-six infections were classified as linked, indicating that the index was the likely source of the partner’s infection. Lack of viral suppression and higher index viral load were associated with linked infection. Eight linked infections were diagnosed after the index started ART: four near the time of ART initiation and four after ART failure. Linked infections were not observed when the index participant was stably suppressed on ART