Influence of Socio Personal Variables on Level of Work Motivation Among School Teachers of Haryana State

In schools, motivation among teachers is essential for the purpose of effective teaching-learning process. Efficient teaching, to some extent, is the result of motivation. Thus, to achieve the learning objective and reach a reasonable standard, educational institutions should be a close tab for the motivational level of the teachers. They should pay more attention to the kind of motivation which plays a crucial role for the change in the attitude of their teachers and students. The scope of motivational research today has grown and expanded vastly. It has almost become synonymous with research on personality. Though more recently, the trend of research has been towards personality, clinical psychology, work behavior and economic development, the root and foundation of motivation research are essentially tied up with research on learning. With this background an attempt has been made to study the work motivation level of Senior Secondary school teachers of Haryan

ANTIOXIDANT AND HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF QUERCUS ILEX LEAVES EXTRACT IN ETHANOL INDUCED LIVER DAMAGE IN WISTAR RATS

Objective: This study was undertaken to investigate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of Quercus ilex leaves extract (QILE) on ethanol-induced toxicity in Wistar rats. Methods: Hepatotoxicity was induced by administering ethanol (40%) at a dose of 7.9 gm/kg/day; p. o. (1:1 of ethanol in olive oil) for 28 d. Silymarin 100 mg/kg/day; p. o. was used as a standard drug. The whole study was divided into a prophylactic and curative study. In the prophylactic study, the Silymarin and QILE (test drug) 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg Body Weight(BW) given orally one hour before administration of 40% ethanol administration for 28 d. In the curative study, 7 d of treatment of Silymarin and QILE 200 and 400 mg/kg BW was given orally after 28 d of ethanol administration to different groups. Results: Hepatoprotectivity was confirmed by the highly significantly (p<0.001) restoration of elevated biochemical parameters like SGPT, SGOT, ALP, TB, and highly significantly (p<0.001) depleted Albumin and Total protein levels by 200 mg/kg BW QILE in comparison to the positive control group. QILE 200 mg/kg highly significantly (p<0.001) raised the antioxidants by draining the elevated oxidative stress markers in comparison of positive control group. At dose levels QILE 200 mg/kg, significant (p<0.05) protection from loss in body weight and in liver weight was found when the comparison was done with the positive control group. Histopathology revealed that QILE 200 mg/kg reduced the markers of cell necrosis. Conclusion: Present study revealed that Quercus ilex leaves have antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity due to its chemical constituents

Assessment of quality of life among antenatal women with gestational diabetes mellitus

Background:  Pregnancy is challenging for every woman and if it is complicated with conditions like gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), it may reduce her quality of life (QoL) significantly which increases the potential risks related to the physical and psychological health aspects related to the mother as well as for the baby thus causing a negative impact on her overall health and wellbeing. Hence, it should be given more importance by healthcare professionals. Methods: The study design adopted to assess the QoL of antenatal women with GDM was a cross-sectional research design.110 antenatal women with GDM attending antenatal OPD at selected hospitals in Bengaluru were chosen using a Non-probability convenient sampling technique. A standardized GDM questionnaire (GDMQ-36) was used to assess QoL and the data analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics techniques. The study was conducted from July 2022 to August 2023. Results: The study results were as follows, 74.5% of antenatal women with GDM had a moderate level of QoL, 25.5% had a high level of QoL and no antenatal women was found to have low level of QoL. 60% of antenatal women had high level of QoL in support domain and 25.5% of the antenatal women had low level of QoL in complications of GDM domains. A significant association was found between QoL and selected socio-demographic variables. Conclusions: The present Study concluded that the majority of the antenatal women (74.5%), had moderate levels of QoL and a significant association was found between QoL and socio-demographic variables.

COMPARISON OF CERVICAL BIOPSY USING PUNCH BIOPSY FORCEPS VERSUS LOOP ELECTRODE

Context: The biopsy of cervix can be obtained by various methods with availability of newer modalities like loop electrode. Objectives: To compare the histo-pathological parameters and clinical outcome of cervical biopsy obtained using punch biopsy forceps versus loop electrode. Methods: Women attending OPD were screened for cervical pathology, and colposcopy was done for those who screened positive. Patients who required cervical biopsy after colposcopy were allocated into 2 group; one undergoing LEEP biopsy and other half biopsied with Punch forceps. During procedure patients were evaluated for the intra-op pain and bleeding and their severity. The histo- pathological diagnosis was carried out and the sample was studied for its size, adequacy, and presence of any thermal or crush artefacts. Result: The two methods of biopsy were comparable in intra-op parameters, except for the increased requirement for additional haemostasis in LEEP biopsy. There was no case of bleeding from biopsy site at the follow-up visit. LEEP biopsy was  associated with continued vaginal discharge more often than punch biopsy. An adequate sample for histopathological diagnosis was obtained in 91.25% of all cases.  The comparative findings were reflective of comparable efficacy of both methods in providing an acceptable tissue sample for diagnosis. Conclusion: After analysing and comparing the aforementioned parameters, we opined that neither method can be deemed clearly superior to the other as a cervical biopsy procedure. Keywords: Punch biopsy forceps; Loop electrode; Cervical biopsy

COMPARISON OF CERVICAL BIOPSY USING PUNCH BIOPSY FORCEPS VERSUS LOOP ELECTRODE

Context: The biopsy of cervix can be obtained by various methods with availability of newer modalities like loop electrode. Objectives: To compare the histo-pathological parameters and clinical outcome of cervical biopsy obtained using punch biopsy forceps versus loop electrode. Methods: Women attending OPD were screened for cervical pathology, and colposcopy was done for those who screened positive. Patients who required cervical biopsy after colposcopy were allocated into 2 group; one undergoing LEEP biopsy and other half biopsied with Punch forceps. During procedure patients were evaluated for the intra-op pain and bleeding and their severity. The histo- pathological diagnosis was carried out and the sample was studied for its size, adequacy, and presence of any thermal or crush artefacts. Result: The two methods of biopsy were comparable in intra-op parameters, except for the increased requirement for additional haemostasis in LEEP biopsy. There was no case of bleeding from biopsy site at the follow-up visit. LEEP biopsy was  associated with continued vaginal discharge more often than punch biopsy. An adequate sample for histopathological diagnosis was obtained in 91.25% of all cases.  The comparative findings were reflective of comparable efficacy of both methods in providing an acceptable tissue sample for diagnosis. Conclusion: After analysing and comparing the aforementioned parameters, we opined that neither method can be deemed clearly superior to the other as a cervical biopsy procedure. Keywords: Punch biopsy forceps; Loop electrode; Cervical biopsy

Evaluation of efficacy, expulsion and safety of post-placental and intra-cesarean insertion of intrauterine contraceptive devices

Background: The objective of the study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of immediate postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device (PPIUCD) insertion in women delivering vaginally or by cesarean section.Methods: This prospective study was carried out at General Hospital [Tertiary care] from August 2014 to September 2015. All antenatal patients admitted for delivery to our hospital were counseled for PPIUCD. Also consent was taken from those who opted for PPIUCD insertion.Results: A total of 2016 women were counseled for PPIUCD adoption. Out of this, 1312 women accepted this method. Total number of deliveries during the study period was 2835. Total acceptance rate was 46.27%. The expulsion rate was 10.63% while removal rate was 7.74%. Out of 555 women who came for follow up, 453 women continued PPIUCD. Thus, continuation rate was 81.62%.Conclusions: PPIUCD is easily accessible, reversible and cost effective contraceptive method for most postpartum women specially lactating women

Impact of different grades of anaemia severity during pregnancy on maternal and neonatal outcomes: a prospective study

Background: Anaemia in pregnancy is a universal health problem that may cause a number of obstetrical and neonatal complications. This prospective observational study aims to evaluate and compare maternal and neonatal outcomes in different grades of anaemia severity.Methods: A total of 400 pregnant women with anaemia in third trimester were classified into three groups according to haemoglobin (Hb) levels-group I with Hb:10-10.9 g/dl, group II with Hb:7-9.9g/dl and group III with Hb<7 g/dl. Maternal and neonatal outcomes of women with different severity of anaemia were analyzed and compared. Two groups means were compared by Student’s t-independent test and more than two groups means by one way analysis of variance test followed by post-hoc pairwise comparison using Bonferroni test.Results: The prevalence of anaemia in the study population was 35.2%. Mild, moderate and severe anaemia were found in 58% (n=232), 29.0% (n=116) and 13% (n=52) women respectively. A statistically significant difference in maternal outcomes such as Preterm labor (p=0.001), Prelabor premature rupture of membranes (p=0.044), Intrauterine growth restriction (p=0.002) and postpartum hemorrhage (p=0.001) was observed amongst the three groups. Cardiac failure occurred in 26.9% (n=14) and mortality in 13.4% (n=7) women with severe anaemia. Amongst the neonatal morbidities, the rate of low birth weight, preterm birth, respiratory distress syndrome, septicaemia, pneumonitis and jaundice revealed an increasing trend with rising severity of anaemia which was statistically significant.Conclusions: Targeted interventions addressing early detection and appropriate treatment in early pregnancy can prevent and avoid dismal maternal and neonatal consequences

Sirenomelia-the mermaid syndrome: a rare invariably fatal congenital anomaly in a term unsupervised pregnancy

Sirenomelia is a rare congenital anomaly with an incidence of 0.8 to 1 case per 1,00,000 births. The prognosis is grim due to associated genitourinary and gastrointestinal anomalies. Antenatal registration in the first trimester and timely ultrasound go a long way in detection of the anamoly when termination can be still be offered and the mental agony of giving birth to a term neonate with a fatal congenital anomaly can be avoided.

Prevalence and risk factors for group B streptococcal colonization in pregnant women in northern India

Background: Group B Streptococci are a constituent of the normal vaginal bacterial microflora. During pregnancy there are optimal conditions for GBS multiplication in the vagina, which may have serious consequences for both the mother and her child. Aims: To study the prevalence of Group B Streptococcal colonization in pregnant women in Eastern U.P and antibiogram of the isolates (GBS) with a view to determine the pattern of antibiotic resistance. Study design: Observational cross-sectional study.Methods: 300 pregnant women admitted at term gestation or with preterm labour were recruited in the study. Swabs were taken from the lower one third of vagina and the anorectal region and then placed in Todd-Hewitt Broth, an enrichment media for GBS and later subcultured on blood agar. It was then examined for beta haemolytic colonies. The Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test were used to compare the two groups. P values 30 years, p3, p<0.03), and higher socioeconomic status (p<0.007). No significant association found between GBS colonization and level of education, urban/rural area and gestational age. Prevalence of GBS in PROM was 5.6% and in preterm labour 3.3%. All the isolates were sensitive to ampicillin and resistant to gentamicin.Conclusions: GBS colonization among pregnant women was significantly correlated with age, parity and socioeconomic status. In pregnancy GBS colonization can cause premature rupture of membranes and preterm labour.

Improved Survival Associated with Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation in Patients with Clinical Stage IIIA(N2) Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer

IntroductionOptimal management of clinical stage IIIA-N2 non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is controversial. This study examines whether neoadjuvant chemoradiation plus surgery improves survival rates when compared with other recommended treatment strategies.MethodsAdult patients from the National Cancer Database, with clinical stage IIIA-N2 disease definitively treated between 1998 and 2004 at American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer accredited facilities, were included in the study. Treatment was defined as neoadjuvant chemoradiation plus either lobectomy (NeoCRT+L) or pneumonectomy (NeoCRT+P), lobectomy plus adjuvant therapy (L+AT), pneumonectomy plus adjuvant therapy (P+AT), and concurrent chemoradiation (CRT). Median follow-up and overall survival (OS) were defined from date of diagnosis to last contact. Five-year OS was estimated using Kaplan–Meier methods. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for sociodemographic, clinical, and facility characteristics.ResultsMedian follow-up was 11.8 months for 11,242 eligible patients. Five-year OS was 33.5%, 20.7%, 20.3%, 13.35%, and 10.9% for NeoCRT+L, NeoCRT+P, L+AT, P+AT, and CRT, respectively (p < 0.0001). On multivariable analysis, the estimated hazard ratio was 0.51 (CI: 0.45–0.58) for NeoCRT+L; 0.77 (0.63–0.95) for NeoCRT+P; 0.66 (0.59–0.75) for L+AT; 0.69 (0.54–0.88) for P+AT; and 1.0 (reference) for the CRT group. Comorbidity did not attenuate the relationship between treatment and survival.ConclusionThis large study demonstrates that patients with clinical stage IIIA-N2 NSCLC, who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by lobectomy, were associated with an improved survival