Feedback relations and causal orders between sea surface temperature and convection within the western Pacific warm pool

Analysis of time series of standardized anomalies of sea surface temperature and outgoing longwave radiation from the western Pacific warm pool revealed two distinct modes of atmosphere-ocean interaction. A statistically binding positive feedback relationship between convection and ocean temperature exists over the equatorial region surrounding the international date line. Here, the contemporaneous feedback between the/se two variables is not statistically significant. A causal order from the ocean temperature to outgoing longwave radiation is detected in a region of the Southwest Pacific, where ocean patches with temperatures greater than or equal to 29.75° C form most frequently. Dynamical implications associated with the aforementioned feedback relationship and causal order are illustrated by estimating the impact of a sudden transient LTJ.crease in convection on future values of sea surface temperature and vice versa

An examination of the 4 March 1999 blizzard

© Copyright 2001 American Meteorological Society (AMS). Permission to use figures, tables, and brief excerpts from this work in scientific and educational works is hereby granted provided that the source is acknowledged. Any use of material in this work that is determined to be “fair use” under Section 107 of the U.S. Copyright Act September 2010 Page 2 or that satisfies the conditions specified in Section 108 of the U.S. Copyright Act (17 USC §108, as revised by P.L. 94-553) does not require the AMS’s permission. Republication, systematic reproduction, posting in electronic form, such as on a web site or in a searchable database, or other uses of this material, except as exempted by the above statement, requires written permission or a license from the AMS. Additional details are provided in the AMS Copyright Policy, available on the AMS Web site located at (http://www.ametsoc.org/) or from the AMS at 617-227-2425 or [email protected]

Evidence of Secular Changes in Rainfall Data from the Tropical Western and Central Pacific over a 20-year Period

Rainfall data from the tropical western and central Pacific over the period from 1971 to 1990 show both decadal and interannual variability. A statistically significant secular trend may be used to model the overall rainfall variability. However, locally weighted regression analysis reveals that this increasing trend stalls in the early 1980\u27 s, and reverses its course by the year 1990. Decomposition of individual rainfall time series into low frequency, seasonal, and irregular components facilitates the isolation of the time varying annual cycle and the elucidation of the interannual signal. Strong or prolonged warm EI Nino-Southern Oscillation events dominate the interannual variability during the study period. The decadal scale variation in the annual cycle is so systematic, in fact, there is approximately a 20% reduction in its amplitude between 1971 and 1982. In addition, the long-term change in the seasonal component appears to modulate the much shorter-term interannual signal

Atmospheric tidal oscillations. Part 2 : Diurnal variation of pressure over India

Hourly surface pressure data (annually and monthly) over a network of Indian stations have been harmonically analyzed

Tropical Wind Stress from Time-Averaged Winds

Oceanwide direct measurement of the surface wind stress is impracticable; instead, the wind stress must be parameterized in terms of individual shipboard wind reports. The number of ship observations, however, are insufficient over the tropical oceans for an adequate analysis of the wind stress. A method is developed to take advantage of the monthly mean wind field which can be determined by meshing several sources of data with the ship observations. It is shown that a single empirical correction factor can be used to estimate the surface pseudostress from monthly mean winds for all months throughout the oceanic tropics

Evaluation of Intestinal Transplantation for Short Bowel Syndrome due to Gun Violence versus Other Causes: A Single Center Experience

Introduction: Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS) due to trauma is a rarely examined problem with a unique solution in Intestine Transplantation. We discuss factors that may have contributed to variations in patient outcome after intestinal transplant surgery secondary to SBS due to gun violence. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted for intestinal transplant patients at an urban medical center. Two patients underwent intestinal transplants secondary to SBS after small bowel resections for gunshot related injury (GSW). Trends were noted and compared to trends found among patients comprising the intestinal transplant recipient registry (n=26) at the same medical center. Results: Two patients were transplanted for intestinal failure related to gunshot wound. 24 patients in the non-GSW group were transplanted for other indications including Crohn’s disease (n=6), neuroendocrine tumor (n=5), and anatomic infarction (n=6). The average age for intestine transplant due to GSW was 29.5 years, compared to 47.8 years of non-GSW group. 50% of patients with GSW had rejection within 6 months following intestine transplant versus 36% from the non-GSW group. 50% of the GSW patients were alive one year and 5 years post-transplant. 92% and 71% of the non-GSW patients were alive at one year and 5 years post-transplant respectively. Conclusion: Intestine transplant can be successful in short bowel syndrome due to gunshot wound. Patients should be considered based on co-morbid conditions and risk factors rather than cause of trauma. Further large, multi-center studies are needed to elucidate risk factors related to the success of intestinal transplant for short bowel syndrome due to trauma

CDCOCA: a statistical method to define complexity dependent co-occurring chromosomal aberrations

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Copy number alterations (CNA) play a key role in cancer development and progression. Since more than one CNA can be detected in most tumors, frequently co-occurring genetic CNA may point to cooperating cancer related genes. Existing methods for co-occurrence evaluation so far have not considered the overall heterogeneity of CNA per tumor, resulting in a preferential detection of frequent changes with limited specificity for each association due to the high genetic instability of many samples.</p> <p>Method</p> <p>We hypothesize that in cancer some linkage-independent CNA may display a non-random co-occurrence, and that these CNA could be of pathogenetic relevance for the respective cancer. We also hypothesize that the statistical relevance of co-occurring CNA may depend on the sample specific CNA complexity. We verify our hypotheses with a simulation based algorithm CDCOCA (complexity dependence of co-occurring chromosomal aberrations).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Application of CDCOCA to example data sets identified co-occurring CNA from low complex background which otherwise went unnoticed. Identification of cancer associated genes in these co-occurring changes can provide insights of cooperative genes involved in oncogenesis.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We have developed a method to detect associations of regional copy number abnormalities in cancer data. Along with finding statistically relevant CNA co-occurrences, our algorithm points towards a generally low specificity for co-occurrence of regional imbalances in CNA rich samples, which may have negative impact on pathway modeling approaches relying on frequent CNA events.</p