Rzecz o "mirrowym snopku" : w poszukiwaniu znaczenia i popularności użycia w XVIII wieku

The article concerns the expression of mirrowy snopek appearing in the 17th and 18th centuries in passion texts. In order to define the meaning of the collocation that is unknown today, the author of the article analyses semantically lexical units such as snopek and mirra, as well as a whole expression snopek miry. The research material constitutes mainly the slogan articles of the historical dictionaries, as well as etymological ones and plant symbolism. In order to broaden a research perspective, the material analysed is presented in the context of Latin counterparts: fasciculus, myrrha and fasciculus myrrhae. The aim of the text is to find out why the very expression used to imply passion in a clear‑cut way, and why did not stand the test of time

O religijnym piśmiennictwie "zegarowym" w polskich drukach z XVII i XVIII wieku

The article is devoted to the Polish religious printed matter from the 17th and 18th centuries (individual works and collections of texts), which shares the “clock” metaphor. The author focuses on Catholic and Arian literature, independent works and short forms, both poetry and prose. The texts analyzed are mostly pieces of advice and warnings helpful in the Christian life, centred around the Passion and funerals. The article presents the content, composition and function of these works, as well as the dual use of the clock theme in them: as an object which awakens and which measures time. The genological aspects of these works are also considered

Proksemika w mistyce oblubieńczej Bonawentury Siewierzanina

The author sheds light on the paradoxes of human communication with Godpresented in a mystical text Zegar nabożnej oblubienice Chrystusowej…, 1624 (Clock ofa Pious Christ’s Bride…). Her deliberations aim at clarifying the characteristic traits oftwo intertwining and yet divergent perspectives and contexts of the author‑recipientrelation between its protagonists, particularly the ways of building and shortening thedistance in human communication with the realm of the sacred. The emphasis is puton the protagonists’ autocreation as they speak and on the choice of realities the authorencapsulated in Christ’s direct addresses to the bride and in her replies. The text canbe classified as a study of the religious language and is complemented by observations,atypically for past passion works, on the way of expressing the material for reflectionand equally interesting statements by God referring to what was said and written abouthim by the Saints

Projektowanie kręgu odbiorców i procesu lektury w pasyjnym tryptyku Augustyna Rakiewicza

The article presents the various manners in which the author’s introductory remarks depicted potential members of the reading public in religious printed materials. Another subject of analysis herein is reasoning that constituted an enticement to reading of the said books. Another topic included into considerations are prefaces to three mutually complementary Passion publications by Augustyn Rakiewicz, which include the following volumes printed at the beginning of the 18th century in Supraśl: Zapach mirrowego snopka… coequal to Garście mirrowego snopka… (1711) and Snopek mirry gorzkiej… (1712). The author of the article concentrates on an analysis of metatext statements by Rakiewicz that refer to the introductory remarks accompanying the collections in question. What is also discussed are the statements by the writer giving reasons to buy and read the all three parts of the triptych. Moreover, the considerations included herein present fragments which reveal the primary concept of Rakiewicz and even justify the alternations of this concept conducted during the composing period. The entire study is completed with remarks concerning publisher’s announcements included in the prefaces, and especially with the considerations relating to a book the publication of which had been advertised twice, even though it probably was never eventually printed

"Gorzkie żale" i inne nabożeństwa pasyjne w XVIII wieku

Dzięki pasjonującym penetracjom badawczym, mającym nacelu zgłębienie genezy wskazanego nabożeństwa, udało mi się odnaleźć inneosiemnastowieczne (i późniejsze) druki, zawierające alternacje „gorzkich żali”.W obecnych rozważaniach dwa tego typu przekazy: dominikańskie Różańcowepienia… i paulińska Męka Pana Naszego Jezusa Chrystusa… zostaną zestawionez pierwotnymi Gorzkimi żalami. Przy czym należy przypuszczać, że podobnychnabożeństw było więcej. W podjętych rozważaniach nie poddaję analizie kolejnych wydań Gorzkich żali, ich przeróbek oraz tłumaczeń na inne języki, gdyżna temat ten powstało już kilka opracowań. Ważnabędzie również refleksja nad tym, dlaczego Gorzkie żale przetrwały próbę czasu,natomiast inne pasje popadły w zapomnienie

Disturbances in angiogenesis and vascular maturation in the skin are associated with diabetic kidney disease in type 1 diabetes

Introduction. The skin, as one of the most accessible tissues, is frequently used for investigations of microcirculation and angiogenesis. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the dermal microvessel density (MVD) and maturity and the presence of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Skin as the most accessible organ served as a model for the study of angiogenesis. Materials and methods. 148 consecutive T1D patients (87 men), median age of 41 [interquartile range (IQR): 31–49] years and diabetes duration of 21 (17–30) years, participated in the study. The patients were under the care of the Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences. Diabetic kidney disease was diagnosed in patients with increased albuminuria and at least 10-year duration of diabetes or evidence of diabetic retinopathy. The skin biopsy was performed on distal part of lower leg, using a sterile, disposable 3 mm biopsy punch with plunger (Disposable Biopsy Punches, Integra™ Miltex®). In the immunohistochemical analyses, we used: anti-CD133, anti-CD34, anti-CD31, and anti-von Willebrand factor (vWF) autoantibodies. Microvessel density measurement in all specimens was performed using “hot spots technique”. Slides were scanned using the MiraxMidi scanner (Carl Zeiss) and were viewed using CaseViewer (3DHISTECH Ltd. Budapest, Hungary). Data were analyzed using Statistica v. 13 software. Results. In the study group 21 patients with diagnosis DKD+, as compared to 127 subjects withaout DKD–, had longer duration of diabetes [30 (IQR: 21–36) vs. 21 (16–28) years, p = 0.002], higher prevalence of hypertension [14 (67%) vs. 37 (29%), p = 0.002], lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) [66 (55–88) vs. 94 (83–106) mL/min/1.73 m2, p &lt; 0.001]. Median MVD compared between groups with and without DKD, was similar for CD34+ vessels/1 mm2 [123 (100–170) vs. 121 (100–170), p = 0.775], CD133+ vessels/1 mm2 [79 (50–100) vs. 79 (63–93), p = 0.823], and for CD31+ vessels/ 1 mm2 [29 (21–46) vs. 38 (17–58), p = 0.454]. Median MVD vWF+ vessels/1 mm2 was lower in the group with than without DKD: 42 (25–54) vs. 54 (43–71), p = 0.009. The values given above were calculated for both layers of the dermis (papillary and reticular dermis). In multivariate logistic regression analysis presence of diabetic kidney disease was associated with lower median vWF+ MVD [odds ratio: 0.97 (95% confidence interval: 0.95–0.99), p = 0.017], with adjustment for age, gender, eGFR value, diabetes duration and presence of hypertension. MVD did not differ significantly between chronic kidney disease stages. Conclusion. In patients with type 1 diabetes and diabetic kidney disease the disturbances in the angiogenesis and vascular maturation are present. The number of mature blood vessels (vWF+) in the skin is reduced. Disturbances in the angiogenesis occur at early stages of diabetic kidney disease.Introduction. The skin, as one of the most accessible tissues, is frequently used for investigations of microcirculation and angiogenesis. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the dermal microvessel density (MVD) and maturity and the presence of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Skin as the most accessible organ served as a model for the study of angiogenesis. Materials and methods. 148 consecutive T1D patients (87 men), median age of 41 [interquartile range (IQR): 31–49] years and diabetes duration of 21 (17–30) years, participated in the study. The patients were under the care of the Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences. Diabetic kidney disease was diagnosed in patients with increased albuminuria and at least 10-year duration of diabetes or evidence of diabetic retinopathy. The skin biopsy was performed on distal part of lower leg, using a sterile, disposable 3 mm biopsy punch with plunger (Disposable Biopsy Punches, Integra™ Miltex®). In the immunohistochemical analyses, we used: anti-CD133, anti-CD34, anti-CD31, and anti-von Willebrand factor (vWF) autoantibodies. Microvessel density measurement in all specimens was performed using “hot spots technique”. Slides were scanned using the MiraxMidi scanner (Carl Zeiss) and were viewed using CaseViewer (3DHISTECH Ltd. Budapest, Hungary). Data were analyzed using Statistica v. 13 software. Results. In the study group 21 patients with diagnosis DKD+, as compared to 127 subjects withaout DKD–, had longer duration of diabetes [30 (IQR: 21–36) vs. 21 (16–28) years, p = 0.002], higher prevalence of hypertension [14 (67%) vs. 37 (29%), p = 0.002], lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) [66 (55–88) vs. 94 (83–106) mL/min/1.73 m2, p < 0.001]. Median MVD compared between groups with and without DKD, was similar for CD34+ vessels/1 mm2 [123 (100–170) vs. 121 (100–170), p = 0.775], CD133+ vessels/1 mm2 [79 (50–100) vs. 79 (63–93), p = 0.823], and for CD31+ vessels/ 1 mm2 [29 (21–46) vs. 38 (17–58), p = 0.454]. Median MVD vWF+ vessels/1 mm2 was lower in the group with than without DKD: 42 (25–54) vs. 54 (43–71), p = 0.009. The values given above were calculated for both layers of the dermis (papillary and reticular dermis). In multivariate logistic regression analysis presence of diabetic kidney disease was associated with lower median vWF+ MVD [odds ratio: 0.97 (95% confidence interval: 0.95–0.99), p = 0.017], with adjustment for age, gender, eGFR value, diabetes duration and presence of hypertension. MVD did not differ significantly between chronic kidney disease stages. Conclusion. In patients with type 1 diabetes and diabetic kidney disease the disturbances in the angiogenesis and vascular maturation are present. The number of mature blood vessels (vWF+) in the skin is reduced. Disturbances in the angiogenesis occur at early stages of diabetic kidney disease

O religijnym piśmiennictwie "zegarowym” w polskich drukach z XVII i XVIII wieku

  The article is devoted to the Polish religious printed matter from the 17th and 18th centuries (individual works and collections of texts), which shares the “clock” metaphor. The author focuses on Catholic and Arian literature, independent works and short forms, both poetry and prose. The texts analyzed are mostly pieces of advice and warnings helpful in the Christian life, centred around the Passion and funerals. The article presents the content, composition and function of these works, as well as the dual use of the clock theme in them: as an object which awakens and which measures time. The genological aspects of these works are also considered

Związek zaburzeń w angiogenezie i dojrzewaniu naczyń w skórze z cukrzycową chorobą nerek w cukrzycy typu 1

Wstęp. Skóra — jako najbardziej dostępny narząd — została wybrana jako model do badania mikrokrążenia i angiogenezy. Celem tego badania była ilościowa i jakościowa analiza związku pomiędzy unaczynieniem skóry (MVD) a obecnością cukrzycowej choroby nerek (DKD) u dorosłych chorych na cukrzycę typu 1 (T1D). Materiał i metody. Badaniem została objęta grupa kolejnych 148 chorych na cukrzycę typu 1 (87 mężczyzn), z medianą wieku 41 lat (IQR: 31–49) i czasem trwania cukrzycy 21 (17–30) lat. Pacjenci byli pod opieką Katedry i Kliniki Chorób Wewnętrznych i Diabetologii Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Poznaniu. Cukrzycową chorobę nerek rozpoznano na podstawie zwiększonej albuminurii u pacjentów z 10-letnim czasem trwania cukrzycy i/lub wykładnikami retinopatii cukrzycowej. Biopsję skóry wykonano na dystalnej części podudzia, przy użyciu jednorazowych 3-milimetrowych sztanc biopsyjnych z suwakiem (Integra™, Miltex®). Do analiz immunohistochemicznych (IHC) wybrano: autoprzeciwciała anty-CD133, anty-CD34, anty-CD31 i anty-vWF. Gęstość naczyń krwionośnych (MVD) wyliczono metodą „gorących miejsc”. Szkiełka skanowano przy użyciu skanera MiraxMidi (Carl Zeiss) i oglądano przy użyciu CaseViewer (3DHISTECH Ltd. Budapeszt, Węgry). Dane analizowano przy użyciu oprogramowania Statistica v. 13. Wyniki. W grupie pacjentów z rozpoznaną DKD (n = 21) w porównaniu z pacjentami bez DKD (n = 127) odnotowano dłuższy czas trwania cukrzycy [30 (IQR: 21–36) vs. 21 (16–28) lat, p = 0,002], częstsze występowanie nadciśnienia tętniczego [14 (67%) vs. 37 (29%), p = 0,002] oraz niższą wartość szacunkowego wskaźnika filtracji kłębuszkowej (eGFR) [66,1 (54,7–87,9) vs. 93,5 (82,5–106,2) ml/min/1,73 m2, p &lt; 0,001]. Mediana MVD naczyń CD34+ na 1 mm2 skóry właściwej wynosiła w grupie DKD+ 123 (100–170), a w grupie DKD– 121 (100–170), p = 0,775; mediana MVD naczyń CD133+ wynosiła odpowiednio 79 (50–100) vs. 79 (63–93), p = 0,823; mediana MVD naczyń CD31+ 29 (21–46) vs. 38 (17–58), p = 0,454; mediana MVD naczyń vWF+ 42 (25–54) vs. 54 (43–71), p = 0,009. Podane wartości obliczono dla obu warstw skóry właściwej (brodawkowatej i siateczkowatej). W modelu wieloczynnikowej regresji logistycznej obecność cukrzycowej choroby nerek była związana z mniejszą MVD dla naczyń krwionośnych vWF+ na 1 mm2 [OR: 0,97 (95% CI: 0,95–0,99), p = 0,017]. Związek ten był niezależny od wieku, płci, wartości eGFR oraz obecności nadciśnienia tętniczego. Grupa badana obejmowała 79 (52,7%) pacjentów z przewlekłą chorobą nerek (CKD) w stadium 1, 58 (39,2%) w stadium 2, 8 pacjentów (5,4%) w stadium 3a i 3 (2%) w stadium 3b. Nie było pacjentów w stadium CKD 4 ani 5. Nie stwierdzono istotnych różnic w MVD w zależności od stadium CKD. Wniosek. U pacjentów z cukrzycą typu 1 i cukrzycową chorobą nerek obserwuje się zaburzenia procesów angiogenezy oraz dojrzewania naczyń. W biopsji skóry obserwowano zmniejszoną liczbę naczyń krwionośnych o wysokiej dojrzałości (vWF+). Zaburzenia angiogenezy w skórze są obecne już we wczesnych stadiach cukrzycowej choroby nerek

Identification and Physicochemical Characteristics of Temozolomide Process-Related Impurities

In this article the crystal structures of the starting material TZ-5 and the key intermediate TZ-6 of temozolomide (TZ-7), an anticancer therapeutic agent, are presented, together with their spectroscopic and thermal characteristics. Both compounds crystallize in the triclinic P-1 space group. X-ray crystallography studies proved that the compound TZ-6 exists as a monohydrate. A complete structural assignment was obtained for the signals in the 1H-, 13C- and 15N-nuclear magnetic resonance spectra and the structures were confirmed by Fourier-Transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy. The article describes the importance of the high purity of TZ-6 during the small-scale plant production of TZ-7 in a desired polymorphic form III with the purity higher than 99.50%, according to an HPLC method