Performance of Regional Rural Banks after Amalgamation in India: Progress and Prospects

For the past three decades India's banking system has several outstanding achievements to its credit. The most striking is its extensive reach. It is no longer confined to only metropolitans or cosmopolitans in India. In fact, Indian banking system has reached even to the remote corners of the country. This is one of the main reasons for India's growth process. The government's regular policy for Indian banks since 1969 has paid rich dividends with the nationalization of 14 major private banks of India. Regional Rural Banks started their development process on 2 October 1975 with the formation of a single bank—Prathama Grameen Bank. The RRBs mobilize financial resources from rural/semi-urban areas and grant loans and advances mostly to small and marginal farmers, agricultural labourers and rural artisans. The area of operation of RRBs is limited to the area as notified by GoI covering one or more districts in the State. In this context, the present study is an attempt to examine the impact of amalgamation on physical performance of RRBs during post-amalgamation period

Salient Features Selection Techniques for Instruction Detection in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

The development of wireless mobile ad hoc networks offers the promise of flexibility, low cost solution for the area where there is difficulties for infrastructure network. A key attraction of this mode of communication is their ease of deployment and operation. However, having a good and robust mobile ad hoc networking will depend entirely on security mechanism system in place. Traditional security mechanisms know as firewalls were used for defensive approach to oppose security obstacle. However, firewalls do not fully or completely defeat intrusions. To cope with this limitation, various intrusions detection systems (IDSs) have been proposed to detect such network intrusion activities. The problem encounter for this particular technique of instruction detections technique is that during network monitoring for data collection for anomaly detection, data that does not contribute to detection must be deleted before detection can be processed or application of learning algorithm for detection of abnormal attacks. In this paper we present a novel feature technique for feature selection before learning technique should be applied. The method has been applied into our own data set, and for the detection purpose we have used most of the well reputed three Machine Learning classifiers with the new selected features for performance evaluation and the experiment shows that higher accuracy results could be achieved with only all the 9 features extracted with our own algorithm with the data set created by using RandomForest classifier

Influence of thickness on properties of plasticized oat starch films.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of thickness (between 80 and 120 µm) on apparent opacity, water vapor permeability and mechanical properties (tensile and puncture) of oat starch films plasticized with glycerol, sorbitol, glycerol:sorbitol mixture, urea and sucrose. Films were stored under 11, 57, 76 and 90% relative humidity (RH) to study the mechanical properties. It was observed that the higher the thickness, the higher was the opacity values. Films without the plasticizer were more opaque in comparison with the plasticized ones. Glycerol:sorbitol films presented increased elongation with increasing thickness at all RH. Puncture force showed a strong dependence on the film thickness, except for the films plasticized with sucrose. In general, thickness did not affect the water permeability

Epigenetics: Pharmacology and Modification Mechanisms Involved in Cardiac, Hepatic and Renal Disease

For a long time scientists have tried to describe disorders are due to genetic as well as environmental factors. In the past few years, revolution in technology that has made it possible to decipher the human genome. Epigenetics explains the capability gene expression regulation without modifying the genetic sequence. Epigenetic mechanisms are rooted changes in molecules, or nuclear characteristics that can alter gene expression without altering the sequences of DNA, i.e. DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNAs. Learning of the fundamental epigenetic modification allowing gene expression as well as cellular phenotype are advanced that novel insights into the epigenetic control of cardiovascular disease, hepatic disease, as well as chronic kidney disease are now emerging. From a half of century ago, in human disease the role of epigenetics has been considered. This subject has attracted many interests in the past decade, especially in complicated diseases like cardiovascular disease, hepatic disease as well as chronic kidney disease. This review first illustrates the history and classification of epigenetic modifications and the factors (i.e. genetic, environment, dietary, thought process and lifestyle) affecting to the epigenetics mechanisms. Likewise, the epigenetics role in human diseases is think out by targeting on some diseases and at the end, we have given the future perspective of this field. This review article provides concepts with some examples to describe a broad view of distinct aspects of epigenetics in biology and human diseases. Keywords: - Epigenetics, DNA methylation, Histone modifications, microRNAs and Gene expression and Disease

Pemetaan Daerah Rawan Erosi dengan Menggunakan Aplikasi Penginderaan Jauh dan Sistem Informasi Geografi di Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan Propinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur

Telah dilakukan pemetaan daerah rawan erosi di Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur dengan menggunakan aplikasi penginderaan jauh dan sistem infomasi geografi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah  untuk memetakan daerah rawan erosi dan tingkat kerawanannya di Kabupaten Timor Tengah selatan, Propinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. Metode penelitian berupa pembuatan peta curah hujan, pembuatan peta tutupan lahan, dan pembuatan peta kelas lereng. Berdasarkan dari hasil penelitian, tingkat rawan erosi dibagi menjadi tiga kelas yaitu: kelas tidak rawan erosi  dengan luas wilayah 127.218,69 Ha meliputi kecamatan Noebeba, kecamatan Amanuban Selatan, kecamatan Kualin, sebagian kecamatan Amanuban Timur dan kecamatan Fatukopa. Kelas  rawan erosi  dengan luas wilayah 251.082,09 Ha meliputi hampir seluruh kecamatan Timor Tengah Selatan dan kelas sangat rawan erosi sekitar 9.125,1 Ha meliputi wilayah kecamatan Fatumnasi, kecamatan Tobu, kecamatan Mollo Utara, sebagian kecamatan Kot'olin. Kata kunci: Peta Rawan Erosi, Penginderaan Jauh, Sistem Informasi Geografi. &nbsp

State of malaria diagnostic testing at clinical laboratories in the United States, 2010: a nationwide survey

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The diagnosis of malaria can be difficult in non-endemic areas, such as the United States, and delays in diagnosis and errors in treatment occur too often.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A nationwide survey of laboratories in the United States and its nine dependent territories was conducted in 2010 to determine factors that may contribute to shortcomings in the diagnosis of malaria. This survey explored the availability of malaria diagnostic tests, techniques used, and reporting practices.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The survey was completed by 201 participants. Ninety percent reported that their laboratories had at least one type of malaria diagnostic test available on-site. Nearly all of the respondents' laboratories performed thick and thin smears on-site; approximately 50% had access to molecular testing; and only 17% had access to rapid diagnostic tests on-site. Seventy-three percent reported fewer than five confirmed cases of malaria in their laboratory during the 12-month period preceding the survey. Twenty-eight percent stated that results of species identification took more than 24 hours to report. Only five of 149 respondents that performed testing 24 hours a day, 7 days a week complied with all of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines for analysis and reporting of results.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Although malaria diagnostic testing services were available to a majority of U.S. laboratories surveyed, very few were in complete compliance with all of the CLSI guidelines for analysis and reporting of results, and most respondents reported very few cases of malaria annually. Laboratories' difficulty in adhering to the rigorous CLSI guidelines and their personnel's lack of practice and proficiency may account for delays and errors in diagnosis. It is recommended that laboratories that infrequently process samples for malaria seek opportunities for practice and proficiency training annually and take advantage of available resources to assist in species identification.</p

EFFECT OF LOWER ETHANOL GASOLINE BLENDS ON PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SINGLE CYLINDER SI ENGINE

Alcohols, basically ethanol is considered as a leading alternative fuel for automotive application because of its ability to reduce the air pollution and cost of the fuel. This paper investigates the effect of lower ethanol gasoline blends (up to 20% by volume) on performance and emission characteristics of the single cylinder four stroke SI engine. Tests were carried out for power, torque, fuel consumption and brake mean effective pressure, while exhaust emissions were analyzed for CO, CO2, and HC by using different ethanol gasoline blends on volume basis at wide open throttle and variable engine speed from 4000 to 8000 rpm. Results were compared with the pure gasoline. It showed that as the ethanol content increases the power, torque, fuel consumption, brake mean effective pressure and CO2 emission while reduces HC and CO emission