Microrna let-7: an emerging next-generation cancer therapeutic

In recent years, various rna-based technologies have been under evaluation as potential next-generation cancer therapeutics. Micrornas (mirnas), known to regulate the cell cycle and development, are deregulated in various cancers. Thus, they might serve as good targets or candidates in an exploration of anticancer therapeutics. One attractive candidate for this purpose is let-7 (“lethal-7”)

Zirconia based nucleic acid sensor for Mycobacterium tuberculosis detection

Nanostructured zirconium oxide (ZrO2) film (particle size ∼ 35 nm), electrochemically deposited onto gold(Au) surface, has been used to immobilize 21-mer oligonucleotide probe (ssDNA) specific to Mycobacterium tuberculosis by utilizing affinity between oxygen atom of phosphoric group and zirconium to fabricate DNA biosensor. This DNA-ZrO2/Au bioelectrode, characterized using x-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and scanning electron microscopy techniques, can be used for early and rapid diagnosis of M. tuberculosis with detection limit of 0.065 ng/μL within 60s

Oseltamivir induced sinus bradycardia: an area of potential concern

Oseltamivir was approved for the prevention and treatment of influenza in 1999 by the USFDA (US Food and Drug Administration). The use of Oseltamivir is increasing rapidly all over the world, especially after the 2009 “Swine Flu” pandemic. Less data is published as far as the cardiovascular side effects of Oseltamivir are concerned, but it could be associated with some serious cardiovascular side effects. This study presented a case series of 5 cases suspected to be suffering from seasonal influenza H1N1 (“Swine Flu”), who developed sinus bradycardia while they were on Oseltamivir therapy

The Mid-Infrared Spectrum of Star-Forming Galaxies: Global Properties of PAH Emission

We present a sample of low-resolution 5-38um Spitzer IRS spectra of the inner few square kiloparsecs of 59 nearby galaxies spanning a large range of star formation properties. A robust method for decomposing mid-infrared galaxy spectra is described, and used to explore the behavior of PAH emission and the prevalence of silicate dust extinction. Evidence for silicate extinction is found in ~1/8 of the sample, at strengths which indicate most normal galaxies undergo A_V < ~3 magnitudes averaged over their centers. The contribution of PAH emission to the total infrared power is found to peak near 10% and extend up to ~20%, and is suppressed at metallicities Z < ~Z_sun/4, as well as in low-luminosity AGN environments. Strong inter-band PAH feature strength variations (2-5x) are observed, with the presence of a weak AGN and, to a lesser degree, increasing metallicity shifting power to the longer wavelength bands. A peculiar PAH emission spectrum with markedly diminished 5-8um features arises among the sample solely in systems with relatively hard radiation fields harboring low-luminosity AGN. The AGN may modify the emitting grain distribution and provide the direct excitation source of the unusual PAH emission, which cautions against using absolute PAH strength to estimate star formation rates in systems harboring active nuclei. Alternatively, the low star formation intensity often associated with weak AGN may affect the spectrum. The effect of variations in the mid-infrared spectrum on broadband infrared surveys is modeled, and points to more than a factor of two uncertainty in results which assume a fixed PAH emission spectrum, for redshifts z=0-2.5.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ, 24 pages (abstract typo fixed, reference added

Analysis of drug related electrolyte disturbances in emergency medicine department

Background: Electrolytes play an important role in various physiological functions of the body. Electrolyte disturbances are one of the most common problems encountered in critically ill patients. Drugs are also known to cause adverse electrolyte consequences. These drugs could be anti-hypertensive agents, hormones, antipsychotics or steroids. There is paucity of published literature on electrolyte disturbances caused by drugs. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the electrolyte disturbances caused by various drugs in critically ill patients.Methods: Following approval of the Institutional Ethics Committee, data collection was started. Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) presenting as an electrolyte disturbance in emergency medicine department or occurring in hospitalized patients in the Intensive care unit (ICU) of our hospital was be collected. ADRs resulting into electrolyte disturbances were identified and analysed in detail for demographic details, types of electrolyte disturbances, seriousness, severity, causality and preventability of ADRs. Fisher's exact test was done to find out the statistical difference between the electrolyte disturbances and different drugs.Results: Total 58 ADRs were reported as an electrolyte disturbance. Mean age of the patients affected was 52.48 years. Highest number of ADRs were observed in the age group of 61 to 70 years. Hypokalemia constituted 32 cases (55.2%) followed by hyponatremia (25.9%), hyperkalemia (6.9%), hypernatremia (6.9%), hypocalcemia (1.7%), hypomagnesemia (1.7%) and hypophosphatemia (1.7%). Insulin was associated with maximum cases of ADRs (27.6%).Conclusions: Electrolyte disturbances constitutes a major chunk of ADRs especially in critically ill patients. The physicians must be well-versed with the dynamics of fluid-electrolyte balance

MATRICS cognitive consensus battery (MCCB) performance in children, adolescents, and young adults

Background: Neurodevelopmental models of schizophrenia suggest that cognitive deficits may be observed during childhood and adolescence, long before the onset of psychotic symptoms. Elucidating the trajectory of normal cognitive development during childhood and adolescence may therefore provide a basis for identifying specific abnormalities related to the development of schizophrenia. The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB), which was designed for use in clinical trials targeting cognitive deficits most common in schizophrenia, may provide a mechanism to understand this trajectory. To date, however, there is no performance data for the MCCB in healthy children and adolescents. The present study sought to establish performance data for the MCCB in healthy children, adolescents, and young adults. Methods: The MCCB was administered to a community sample of 190 healthy subjects between the ages of 8 and 23 years. All MCCB domain scores were converted to T-scores using sample means and standard deviations and were compared for significant performance differences between sex and age strata. Results: Analyses revealed age effects following quadratic trends in all MCCB domains, which is consistent with research showing a leveling off of childhood cognitive improvement upon approaching late adolescence. Sex effects after controlling for age only presented for one MCCB domain, with males exhibiting well-known spatial reasoning advantages. Conclusions: Utilizing this performance data may aid future research seeking to elucidate specific deficits that may be predictive of later development of SZ. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

White Matter Changes Associated with Antipsychotic Treatment in First-Episode Psychosis

Second-generation antipsychotics are utilized extensively in the treatment of psychotic disorders and other psychiatric conditions, but the effects of these medications on human brain white matter are not well understood. We thus investigated the effects of second-generation antipsychotics on white matter integrity using tract-based spatial statistics in patients experiencing a first episode of psychosis with little or no prior antipsychotic exposure, and how potential changes were associated with metabolic side effects. Thirty-five (26 men/9 women) patients experiencing a first episode of psychosis received diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) exams, clinical assessments, and provided fasting blood samples at the onset of antipsychotic treatment, and then again after 12 weeks of treatment with either risperidone or aripiprazole in a double-blind randomized clinical trial. In addition, 35 (26 men/9 women) healthy volunteers received DTI exams at a baseline time point and then after 12 weeks. Patients demonstrated significant (

Carbon nanotubes — chitosan nanobiocomposite for immunosensor

Carboxylic group functionalized single walled (SW) and multi walled (MW) carbon nanotubes (CNT) have been incorporated into biopolymer matrix of chitosan (CH) to fabricate nanobiocomposite film onto indium– tin–oxide (ITO) coated glass plate for co-immobilization of rabbit-immunoglobulin (r-IgGs) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) to detect ochratoxin-A (OTA). The results of electrochemical studies reveal that presence of both CNT results in increased electro-active surface area of CH leading to enhanced electron transport in these nanobiocomposites. Moreover, in CH–SWCNT and CH–MWCNT nanobiocomposites the availability of NH2/OH group in CH and surface charged CNT also increases loading of the r-IgGs resulting in enhanced electron transport responsible for improved sensing characteristics. Compared to BSA/r-IgGs/CH– MWCNT/ITO immunoelectrode, electrochemical response studies of BSA/r-IgGs/CH–SWCNT/ITO immunoelectrode carried out as a function of OTA concentration exhibits improved linearity as 0.25–6 ng/dL, detection limit as 0.25 ng/dL, response time as 25 s, and sensitivity as 21 μA ng dL−1cm−2 with the regression coefficient as 0.998

GaP/Si wire array solar cells

Si wire arrays have recently demonstrated their potential as photovoltaic devices [1-3]. Using these arrays as a base, we consider a next generation, multijunction wire array architecture consisting of Si wire arrays with a conformal GaN_xP_(1-x-y)As_y coating. Optical absorption and device physics simulations provide insight into the design of such devices. In particular, the simulations show that much of the solar spectrum can be absorbed as the angle of illumination is varied and that an appropriate choice of coating thickness and composition will lead to current matching conditions and hence provide a realistic path to high efficiencies. We have previously demonstrated high fidelity, high aspect ratio Si wire arrays grown by vapor-liquid-solid techniques, and we have now successfully grown conformal GaP coatings on these wires as a precursor to considering quaternary compound growth. Structural, optical, and electrical characterization of these GaP/Si wire array heterostructures, including x-ray diffraction, Hall measurements, and optical absorption of polymer-embedded wire arrays using an integrating sphere were performed. The GaP epilayers have high structural and electrical quality and the ability to absorb a significant amount of the solar spectrum, making them promising for future multijunction wire array solar cells

A self assembled monolayer based microfluidic sensor for urea detection

Urease (Urs) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) have been covalently co-immobilized onto a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) comprising of 10-carboxy-1-decanthiol (CDT) via EDC–NHS chemistry deposited onto one of the two patterned gold (Au) electrodes for estimation of urea using poly(dimethylsiloxane) based microfluidic channels (2 cm × 200 μm × 200 μm). The CDT/Au and Urs-GLDH/CDT/Au electrodes have been characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, contact angle (CA), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and electrochemical cyclic voltammetry (CV) techniques. The electrochemical response measurement of a Urs-GLDH/CDT/Au bioelectrode obtained as a function of urea concentration using CV yield linearity as 10 to 100 mg dl−1, detection limit as 9 mg dl−1 and high sensitivity as 7.5 μA mM−1 cm−2