Root Canal Irrigants: A Review

Root canal irrigation is not much emphasised in endodontic therapy.  The primary objective of root canal therapy is the retention of the pulpless or pulpally involved tooth with its associated periapical tissues in a healthy state. Achievement of this objective requires that the pulpal spaces and contents be eliminated as sources of infection.  As the Enterococcus faecalis is also found to be the most important cause for endodontic failures, the action and efficacy of fewer irrigants against E. faecalis should also be given prime importance as of others. Therefore, the introduction of an antimicrobial endodontic irrigant during root canal therapy should be given priority in the hierarchy of root canal treatment.  The purpose of this article is to analyse root canal irrigants, irrigation techniques and irrigation protocol

Iatrogenic Complications Arising From Cleaning and Shaping : A Review

Endodontic treatments tend to have very high successful rates in spite of the fact that they are quite an invasive, difficult procedure, especially in complex anatomies. As a consequence, retreatment has become a well-defined field of knowledge and expertise in endodontics, since most complications can be solved with proper surgical or nonsurgical retreatments. Failure to grasp the rationale behind cleaning and shaping concepts can increase the occurrence of needless complications, such as ledges. Extension of the access cavity to provide unobstructed access to the root canals, precurving and not forcing instruments, using NiTi files, using passive step-back and balanced force techniques, and instrumenting the canal to its full length will all help to prevent ledge formation. Initial negotiation and bypassing the ledge can be achieved using a small file with a distinct curve at the tip, whereas a slight rotation motion of the file combined with a picking motion can often help advance the instrument. Blockage, laceration, and foraminal damage are the most common results. Each alters the reliability of the procedure and must be prevented if one is to obtain the best possible prognosis for the patient

Mineral Trioxide Aggregate: A Review

The purpose of this two-part series is to review the composition, properties, products, and clinical aspects of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) materials.search engines to include relevant scientific citations from the peer-reviewed journals published in English. MTA is a refined form of the parent compound, Portland cement (PC). It demonstrates a strong biocompatible nature owing to the high pH and its ability to form hydroxyapatite. MTA materials provide a better seal than traditional endodontic materials as observed in dye leakage, fluid filtration, protein leakage, and bacterial penetration leakage studies, and it has been recognized as a bioactive material. Currently a variety of MTA commercial products are available, including Proroot® Gray MTA and White MTA both from DENTSPLY Tulsa Dental Specialties , and MTA Angelus  Although these materials are indicated for various dental uses. This first of this series highlights and discusses the composition, physical, and/or chemical properties of MTA. A subsequent article will offer an overview of the material aspect (commercial products) and clinical considerations for MTA materials

GIC Restoration of Cervically Abraded Teeth

In current times, dental abrasion has become a common pathologic condition. It is most commonly seen at the cervical necks of teeth, but can occur in any area, even inter-dentally from vigorous and incorrect use of dental floss. Clinically, at the beginning it is small horizontal groove near the cemento-enamel junction; However, then the walls form a wedge with polished, glassy surfaces and tactile sensitivity. The treatment approach for cervical abrasion must not be based only on restorative procedures since a variety of causative and aggravating factors are related to their formation. The current article discusses a treatment protocol and techniques for the restoration of non-carious Class V lesions and presents a clinical case in which restoration is achieved with the conventional Glass Ionomer Cement

Retreatment Endodontics: A Review

Endodontic retraction is a procedure performed on a tooth that received an earlier attempt at a definitive treatment that resulted in a condition requiring additional new endodontic treatment to achieve a successful outcome. The main cause of treatment failure is insufficient cleaning and inadequate obturation. The objective of this article is to evaluate, through a literature review, the endodontic retreatments with rotary and mechanical files, which is the best efficacy. Experimental and clinical studies were included (case reports, retrospective, prospective and randomized trials) with qualitative and quantitative analysis. The words were included “Endodontic Retreatments” and “Endodontic Treatments”. The conclusion of this article was that with recent technological advances in the area of endodontics, behind the literary reviews we can affirm that the system of instrumentation of the root canals with rotating files maintains the quality of the root preparation. &nbsp