Weekly removed mass by dialysis and equivalent continuous clearance (ECC) of total, ionized and complexed calcium for all patients and separately for patients with removal and for patients with absorption of total calcium during weekly dialysis cycle.

<p>Negative sign of mass removed and ECC means absorption to the body from dialysis fluid, mean ± SD.</p

Quantification of Dialytic Removal and Extracellular Calcium Mass Balance during a Weekly Cycle of Hemodialysis - Fig 1

<p><b>Total and ionized calcium concentration in serum (panel A) and mass in extracellular compartment (panel B) in 25 patients during weekly cycle of three hemodialysis sessions, mean ± SD.</b> *—statistically significant difference vs. the beginning of HD.</p

Concentration and mass of total calcium in extracellular compartment before, after and 45 min after the end of HD during all sessions and for sessions after 3- and 2-day break, and separately for sessions with removal and sessions with absorption of total calcium by dialysis, mean ± SD.

<p>Concentration and mass of total calcium in extracellular compartment before, after and 45 min after the end of HD during all sessions and for sessions after 3- and 2-day break, and separately for sessions with removal and sessions with absorption of total calcium by dialysis, mean ± SD.</p

Concentration of calcium (total, ionized and complexed, mmol/L) in dialysis fluid in the inlet and outlet of dialyzer in 75 dialysis sessions (at 2 hour), mean ± SD.

<p>Concentration of calcium (total, ionized and complexed, mmol/L) in dialysis fluid in the inlet and outlet of dialyzer in 75 dialysis sessions (at 2 hour), mean ± SD.</p

Dependence of most clinically relevant pulse wave indices on model parameters.

<p>(A)Resulting stepwise regression model for predicting central augmentation index. The steeper is the heart ejection profile, i.e. the smaller is the parameter <i>τ</i>, the smaller is the central augmentation index (AI) estimated using pulse wave analysis method. (B) Correlation between the model-predicted pulse wave velocity (PWV) and the model-estimated stiffness of large arteries described by parameter <i>k</i>₃ (compare Eqs (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0190972#pone.0190972.e002" target="_blank">2</a>) and (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0190972#pone.0190972.e003" target="_blank">3</a>)). PWV was calculated by dividing the distance between aortic arch and femoral artery by the time needed by the wave to travel that path.</p

Participant characteristics.

<p>Shown are means ± standard deviations and ranges.</p

Features of the pulse wave in ascending aorta.

<p>Superposition of forward and reflected pressure waves results in certain amount of augmented pressure, with a characteristic inflection point located to the left of pressure peak in elderly subjects. In younger subjects inflection point is typically found to the right of pressure peak, what results in negative values of augmented pressure.</p

Pearson correlation coefficients between model-estimated parameters (see Table 3) and demographic/clinical participants characteristics (see Table 1).

<p>Pearson correlation coefficients between model-estimated parameters (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0190972#pone.0190972.t003" target="_blank">Table 3</a>) and demographic/clinical participants characteristics (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0190972#pone.0190972.t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>).</p

Arterial tree structure definition based on papers by Stergiopulos et al. [26] and Olufsen et al. [25].

<p>Parameters <i>r</i>_in and <i>r</i>_out are the proximal and distal radii of the artery, respectively. Resistance (<i>R</i>_<i>T</i> 10⁴g/s/cm⁴) and compliance (<i>C</i>_<i>T</i> 10^-6g/s/cm⁴) are defined only for terminal arteries, see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0190972#pone.0190972.e007" target="_blank">Eq (7)</a>. R and L denote right and left, respectively.</p

Assumed aortic inflow.

<p>Dependence of the heart ejection profile on parameter <i>τ</i> (<i>τ</i> = 0.08, 0.1 and 0.12 seconds) for 5 L/min cardiac output and heart rate of 75 beats/min, see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0190972#pone.0190972.e006" target="_blank">Eq (6)</a>.</p