CAPTCHA using Word Relationships

CAPTCHAs are challenge questions employed by websites to prevent access by automated programs (bots) while allowing access to human users. The effectiveness of a CAPTCHA in distinguishing between humans and bots is sometimes reduced, because as bots get more powerful, they are able to solve certain types of challenge questions almost as well as humans. This disclosure describes CAPTCHAs based upon word relationships. Solving the CAPTCHAs requires demonstrating natural language understanding. Automated programs are not yet comparable to humans in their ability to understand natural language. CAPTCHAs of this disclosure provide useful techniques to distinguish human users from bots

Quantifying speech intelligibility based on crowdsourcing

The intelligibility of speech within media content, e.g., audio or video streams, is an important factor that determines the reach and popularity of the media. Objective measures of audio and speech quality, e.g., PESQ and SII scores, correlate poorly with human assessment. MOS, a widely accepted intelligibility test, is subjective, expensive, and time consuming. Techniques disclosed herein provide an objective measure of the intelligibility of speech within video or audio content. Speech intelligibility scores are calculated based on the edit distance between human speech transcriptions of short clips and transcripts produced by an automatic speech recognizer. The speech intelligibility score is based on human rating and retains objectivity

Recombinant Sudan virus and evaluation of humoral cross-reactivity between Ebola and Sudan virus glycoproteins after infection or rVSV-ΔG-ZEBOV-GP vaccination

ABSTRACTEbola disease outbreaks are major public health events because of human-to-human transmission and high mortality. These outbreaks are most often caused by Ebola virus, but at least three related viruses can also cause the disease. In 2022, Sudan virus re-emerged causing more than 160 confirmed and probable cases. This report describes generation of a recombinant Sudan virus and demonstrates its utility by quantifying antibody cross-reactivity between Ebola and Sudan virus glycoproteins after human infection or vaccination with a licensed Ebola virus vaccine

Rio Negro Virus Infection, Bolivia, 2021

In May 2021, an agricultural worker originally from Trementinal, Argentina, sought treatment for febrile illness in Tarija, Bolivia, where he resided at the time of illness onset. The patient tested negative for hantavirus RNA, but next-generation sequencing of a serum sample yielded a complete genome for Rio Negro virus