Screening for dietary phenolics and antioxidant capacity of faba bean (Vicia faba) and vetches (Vicia spp.)

The phenolics in faba bean and vetches may act as antioxidants, thereby reducing the risk of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease, which can be caused by oxidation of low-density lipoproteins. The results of our study showed that the examined Vicia species differed greatly in their phenolics levels, as well as that the phenolics content should be considered as an important feature of Vicia species since some of its nutritive and pharmacological effects.[https://www.legumesociety.org/2019/12/02/legume-perspectives/

Influence of the Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. on SOD activity in four different genotypes of soybean seedlings

Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. is a very common pest in Serbia, which affects root and lower stem in many plants, causing charcoal rot. Among other plants, soybean is also often affected by this pathogen and, like others, on the attack responds with oxidative burst. The aim of this work was to compare the sensitivity of four different genotypes of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.): FAVORIT, ATLAS, SAVA and RUBIN on this pathogen. The activity of antioxidant enzyme superoxide-dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1.) was compared between four soybean genotypes, after the attack of the fungus M. phaseolina. Soybean seeds were inoculated using the method of artificial inoculation on filter paper. After seven days, seedlings were collected for biochemical assays. It was measured 1 g of plant material fresh weight and homogenized with 10 ml 0.1 M K2HPO4, pH 7.0. After centrifugation, the supernatant was used for enzyme activity measurements. The SOD activity was measured spectrophotometrically, by monitoring the inhibition of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction at 560 nm, according to method by Mandal et al (2008)

Antioksidantne karakteristike klijanaca soje gajenih na različitim tipovima zemljišta

The purpose of this work was to assess change in antioxidant ability and accumulation of antioxidants in soybean seedlings, as well as some morphological parameters (plant height, shoot and root mass) during abiotic stress. Activity of antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1) and peroxidases (GPX-guaiacol peroxidase and PPX-pyrogallol peroxidase, EC 1.11.1.7)], phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL; EC 4.3.1.5), as well as content of non-enzymatic antioxidants (total phenolics, tannins and flavonoids) were analyzed in leaves of soybean seedlings grown in different soil types [mollic vertisol (humic); calcic chernozem (calcic) and haplic fluvisol (calcaric)]. Seedlings grown in fluvisol had significantly higher activity of SOD (7.5-8.6%) and PAL (39.2-43.0%) in leaves, as well as total phenolics and tannins content (8.1-80.7%) in comparison to those grown in chernozem and vertisol. However, soybean grown in chernozem had the most favourable conditions for growth and the highest total flavonoids content (2.3 mg rutin g-1 dry weight). Regardless the difference in response to higher and lower level of soil fertility, soybean seedlings grown in vertisol and fluvisol had similar morphological properties, which showed the great ability of their antioxidant systems to acclimate to change in soil quality.Cilj ovog rada bio je da se utvrdi da li akumulacija antioksidanata i promene u antioksidantnoj sposobnosti u klijancima soje utiču na morfološke parametre (visinu biljke i masu nadzemnog i podzemnog dela biljke). Analizirane su promene u aktivnosti antioksidantnih enzima [superoksid-dismutaze (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1) i peroksidaza (GPX-gvajakol i PPX-pirogalol peroksidaze, EC 1.11.1.7)], fenilalanin amonijum-lijaze (PAL; EC 4.3.1.5), kao i sadržaju neenzimskih antioksidanata (ukupnih fenola, tanina i flavonoida) u listu klijanaca soje gajene na različitim tipovima zemljišta [ritska crnica, černozem i fluvisol]. U listu klijanaca soje gajenih na fluvisolu zabeležena je značajno veća aktivnost superoksid-dismutaze (7.5-8.6%) i fenilalanin amonijum-lijaze (39.2-43.0%, kao i sadržaj ukupnih fenola i tanina (8.1-80.7%) u odnosu na klijance gajene na černozemu i ritskoj crnici. Ipak, klijanci soje gajeni na černozemu imali su najbolje uslove za rast i razvoj, kao i najveći sadržaj flavonoida (2.3 mg rutina g-1 suve mase). Pored toga, morfološke karakteristike klijanaca soje gajenih na ritskoj crnici i fluvisolu se nisu značajno razlikovale, što navodi na zaključak na izuzetno izraženu adaptabilnost antioksidantnog sistema ovih biljaka na promene u kvalitetu zemljišta

Antioxidant potential of ragweeds: Ambrosia artemisiifolia, A. trifida and Iva xanthifolia

The combination of reproductive success with high stress tolerance (through osmotic adjustment and antioxidants) is essential for invasion success, particularly in stressful environments in the frame of global change.Antioxidant capacity could be a possible marker of adaptation to variable environmental conditions, since change in amount of antioxidants represents one of the first responses to various environmental stimuli. Among investigated ragweeds, I. xanthifolia leaves had more pronounced guaiacol-peroxidase (GPx) activity (2.5- to 9.7-fold) than A. artemisiifolia and A. trifida. A. artemisiifolia and I. xanthifolia leaves have similar reduced glutathione (GSH) content (13.05 μmol g-1 fr. w.), while A. trifida had 1.3-fold lower GSH concentration. However, superoxide-dismutase (SOD) activity was invariable in all investigated plants (234.1-247.5 U g-1 fr. w.). The highest content of total phenolics, tannins, flavonoids and proanthocyanidins were detected in A. trifida leaves (up to 3.7-fold the amount of the others). According to antioxidant activity (O2˙-, ˙OH and DPPH-scavenging tests), investigated ragweed species could be presented in a scale: A. trifida > I. xanthifolia > A. artemisiifolia. Accumulation of non-enzymatic antioxidants and lower content of GSH point to different oxidative stress avoidance strategies of A. trifida when compared to A. artemisiifolia and I. xanthifolia within the same environmental conditions

Antioxidant potential and polyphenolic content of three medicinal wild-growing species from Kopaonik mountain

Wild-growing plants are good potential sources of natural substances useful for preventing diseases related to oxidative stress. Th e food industry is becoming increasingly interested in plants, because of their anti-infl ammatory properties and antioxidant activities. In the present investigation, we described the antioxidant potential of acetone extracts of three aromatic species grown on Kopaonik mountain, Ajuga pyramidalis L., Th ymus praecox Opiz and Vaccinium myrtillus L. by two methods: 2,2-azinobis(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) scavenging and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and their correlations with total phenolics, tannins, fl avonoids and proanthocyanidins contents. Th e total phenolic and tannins content was determined according to the Folin–Ciocalteu method. Th e total fl avonoids were estimated according to the method described by Markham (1989) and proanthocyanidins according to Sun et al. (1998). For ABTS assay, the procedure followed the method of Re et al. (1999) with some modifi cations. Th e DPPH assay was done according to the method of Lee et al. (1998). T. praecox extract had the almost twice higher phenolics and tannins content compared to V. myrtillus, which had twice higher total phenolics and tannins content than A. pyramidalis. On the other hand, A. pyramidalis had the highest amount of proanthocyanidins, while the content of total fl avonoids was the highest in V. myrtillus. Th e highest scavenging activity showed T. praecox extract (DPPH: 69,67±0,46 mg trolox/gdw; ABTS: 178,11±0,96 mg trolox/gdw), and the lowest activity showed A. pyramidalis extract. Antioxidant capacity was positively correlated with total phenolics, tannins and flavonoids content. From the obtained results it can be concluded that T. praecox extract had the greatest antioxidant potential.7th Balkan Botanical Congress, Novi Sad, 10-14 09. 2018

Impact of flaming on soybean plants and soil microorganisms

The use of open flame (flaming) is a very useful method for weed control, especially in organic production where the use of herbicides is prohibited. There, the heat suppresses weeds in row within a second. But apart from this, heat also affects growing plants and surrounding soil including microorganisms. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different propane doses (20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 and 100 kg/ha propane) on photosynthetic (chlorophylls and carotenoids) and polyphenolic (total flavonoids and anthocyаnins) pigments in soybean leaves, as well as the number of microorganisms in the soil. Flame-weeding machine was modified four row cultivator with two burners placed on both side of each row to suppress weeds in the row of the crop. Young soybean plants were treated with flame in three growth stages: the first trifoliate or V1, the three trifoliate or V3 and the six trifoliate stage or V6. Plants were sampled together with their roots, five hours after treatment. Soil samples for microbiological analysis were taken between the rows of soybean 1h and 24h after flaming, at the depth of 2 cm

Analysis of activity of nitrogen metabolism enzymes on grain yield and content of soluble proteins in soybean

Field and laboratory tests were performed in 1995 in order to find out the effect of interdependance of enzyme activity of nitrogen metabolism on grain yield and content of soluble proteins in soybean. The activities of all three tested enzymes (nitrogenase, NG; nitrate reductase, NR and glutamate dehydrogenase, GDH) were in negative correlation with grain yield and in positive correlation with the content of soluble proteins. Path coefficient analysis showed that direct effect of NG activity was positive when compared to both tested characteristics, while the direct effects of NR and GDH were negative

Poređenje parametara oksidativnog stresa u klijancima soje inokulisanim sa različitim izolatima Macrophomina phaseolina

The research was focused on biotic stress caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid., a plant pathogen that causes charcoal rot by infecting the root and lower stem of soybean. Differences in pathogenicity of fungi cultures from five isolates (two from sugar beet, one from maize, one from soybean and one from sunflower) have been investigated in seedlings of two soybean cultivars (Meli and Balkan). Comparison of antioxidant systems of soybean seedlings showed different reactions of plants infected with M. phaseolina isolates of different origin. The highest pathogenicity showed isolate from sugar beet ŠR62/4 (2.80), while no significant difference was found for isolates ŠR55(3)/09 (2.58), MphSo (2.32) and MphSu (2.26). The isolate from maize, MphK, showed lowest pathogenicity (1.94). For the most of the biochemical parameters tested (lipid peroxidation, phenylalanine ammonium-lyase activity, total polyphenols, tannins and proanthocyanidins contents) the isolate from sugar beet (ŠR55(3)/09) induced the most significant reaction in soybean seedlings among all isolates investigated. Presence of this pathogen in the field conditions should be further monitored and the crop rotation should be seriously taken into account.U radu je ispitivan biotički stres u klijancima soje izazvan gljivom Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi Goid.), patogenom biljaka i uzročnikom ugljenaste truleži korena i donjeg dela stabla. Različite karakteristike izolata gljive (dobijenih sa šećerne repe (2), kukuruza (1), soje (1) i suncokreta (1)), ispitane su u dve sorte soje (Meli i Balkan). Poređenje antioksidantnih sistema u biljkama soje ukazalo je na različite odgovore između sorti soje inficiranih izolatima M. phaseolina različitog porekla. Izolati su izazvali intenzivnu reakciju u inficiranim klijancima: najveća patogenost zabeležena je kod izolata sa šećerne repe ŠR62/4 (2.80). Izolati ŠR55(3)/09 (2.58), MphSo (2.32) i MphSu (2.26) nisu pokazali statistički značajnu razliku u patogenosti. Izolat sa kukuruza, MphK, pokazao je najnižu patogenost (1.94). Za većinu ispitivanih biohemijskih parametara (lipidna peroksidacija, aktivnost fenilalanin amonijum-liaze, sadržaji ukupnih polifenola, tanina i proantocijanidina), izolat ŠR55(3)/09 sa šećerne repe, izazvao je najintenzivnije i najznačajnije reakcije u klijancima soje u poređenju sa svim ostalim ispitanim izolatima. Njegovo prisustvo u poljskim uslovima se mora podvrgnuti monitoringu, a o rotaciji useva na takvim oranicama se mora povesti više pažnje

Influence of winter savory (Satureja montana L.) aqueous extract on antioxidant properties of Jimson weed (Datura stramonium L.)

Due to an increase in the number of herbicide-resistant weeds and environmental concerns about the use of synthetic herbicides, a great effort is being made in designing alternative weed management strategies. The present study was carried out in order to examine the impact of winter savory (Satureja montana) aqueous extract in natural weed management. We evaluated the effect of two concentrations (0.1 and 0.2%) of S. montana aqueous extract on the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the lipid peroxidation process in Jimson weed (Datura stramonium) seedlings. Our results showed that S. montana aqueous extract induced lipid peroxidation in roots of Jimson weed seedlings 72 hours after the treatment

Analiza komponenti etarskih ulja plodova selena i celera dobijenih headspace ekstrakcijom

Lovage and celery are important as vegetables, spices and medicinal herbs rich in essential oil, which gives them a characteristic aroma. In addition, they have great pharmacological potential and the possibility of being applied as dietary supplements, functional foods and as alternative medicinal substances. By using the headspace extraction essential oil was obtained from the fruit of these two plants and was identified by GC analysis. In the essential oil of lovage fruit 21 components were identified, among which the dominant were ß-phellandrene (77.1%), α-pinene (4.7%), α-phellandrene (4.3%), sabinene (3.3%), myrcene (3.3%) and cis-ß-ocymene (2.7%), while other components were present with less than 1%. The most abundant class of compounds are monoterpenes, while from the compounds of phthalide class only cis-ligustilide was recorded with 0.3%. The essential oil of celery fruit consisted of 17 components, out of which the most common were limonene (94.4%), myrcene (2.2%) and ß-pinene (1.6%), while other components were present in small amounts. The most common class of compounds are monoterpenes, while from the phthalide class sedanenolid was present with 0.2%, while 3-n-buthylphthalide and sedanolide were found in traces.Selen i celer su značajne povrtarske, začinske i lekovite biljke bogate etarskim uljem koje im daje karakterističnu aromu. Pored toga, imaju veliki farmakološki potencijal i mogućnost primene kao dijetetski suplementi, funkcionalna hrana i alternativne lekovite supstance. Primenom Head­space ekstrakcije dobijeno je etarsko ulje iz plodova ove dve biljke koje je identifikovano GC analizom. U etarskom ulju plodova selena identifikovana je 21 komponenta, među kojima dominira β-felandren (77,1%), α-pinen (4,7%), α-felandren (4,3%), sabinen (3,3%), mircen (3,3%) i cis-β-ocimen (2,7%), dok su ostale komponente prisutne sa manje od 1%. Najzastupljenija klasa jedinjenja su monoterpeni, dok je od jedinjenja iz klase ftalida zabeležen samo cis-igustilid sa 0,3%. U etarskom ulju plodova celera, utvrđeno je 17 komponenata, od kojih je najzastupljeniji bio limonen (94,4%), mircen (2,2%) i β-pinen (1,6%), dok su ostale komponente bile prisutne u malim količinama. Najzastupljenija klasa jedinjenja su monoterpeni, dok je od ftalida utvrđen sedanenolid sa 0,2%, a 3-n-butilftalid i sedanolid su bili prisutni u tragovima. PR Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 172053 i realizovano je u okviru projekata: 114-451-2373/2014-03 koji finansira Pokrajinski sekretarijat za nauku i tehnološki razvoj AP Vojvodine