Analisis Pengaruh Waktu Torefaksi Terhadap Kualitas Biobriket dari Cangkang Kelapa Sawit (Palm Oil Shell)

Palm oil shells are solid waste from the palm oil processing industry. In 1 ton of palm oil produces 6.5% shell waste. Solid waste can be converted into fuel as a substitute for oil, namely bio-briquettes as an alternative fuel through a combustion process with less air. This study aims to determine the effect of time variations on the quality and yield of bio-briquettes produced using a combined pretreatment method of densification (with additional binder) and torrefaction at a temperature of 275 oC and time variations of 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 minutes. Torrefaction is a new method in the briquetting process where this method takes place at low temperatures. The results showed that the longer the torrefaction time, in general, the value of water content, ash content, volatile matter content, fixed carbon value and burning time also increased. However, this is inversely proportional to the yield value of the resulting product, so the best quality is obtained in 75 minutes with a moisture content of 0.86%, ash content 2.38%, volatile matter content 18.23%, fixed carbon value 78.51 %, product yield is 36.3165% and calorific value is 5964 Kcal/kg.Cangkang kelapa sawit adalah limbah padat dihasilkan dari industri pengolahan minyak kelapa sawit, dimana dalam 1 ton kelapa sawit dapat menghasilkan 6,5% limbah cangkang. Limbah ini dapat diproses menjadi bahan bakar padat / biobriket sebagai alternatif bahan bakar melalui proses torefaksi dengan sedikit atau tanpa udara. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari variasi waktu terhadap kualitas dan rendemen biobriket yang dihasilkan menggunakan metode pretreatment gabungan densifikasi (dengan tambahan pengikat) dan torefaksi pada temperatur 275 oC dan variasi waktu yaitu 30, 45, 60, 75 dan 90 menit. Torefaksi termasuk metode baru dalam proses pembriketan dimana metode ini berlangsung pada temperatur rendah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin lama waktu torefaksi maka secara umum nilai kadar air, kadar abu, kadar zat terbang, nilai fixed carbon serta waktu bakar juga semakin meningkat. Namun hal ini berbanding terbalik untuk nilai rendemen produk yang dihasilkan, sehingga untuk kualitas terbaik didapatkan pada waktu 75 menit dengan kadar air 0,86%, kadar abu 2,38%, kadar zat terbang 18,23%, nilai fixed carbon 78,51%, rendemen produk 36,3165 % dan nilai kalor sebesar 5964 Kcal/kg

Usaha dan Faktor Yang Dapat Meningkatkan Minat Berwiraswasta Dalam Rangka Studi Pendidikan Wiraswasta Pada Sekolah Lanjutan Tingkat Atas Sulawesi Selatan: Kasus Ujung Pandang

It is claimed that some variables, such as parents' encouragement, apprenticeship, work motivation, entrepreneurial information, and entrepreneurial knowledge enhance the student' interest in entrepreneurship, the first variable, espesially, plays a very strategic role in increasing the interest of the students. The samples comprises 601 students of general and vocational secondary school, 93 parents, and 22 entrepreneurs in Ujung Pandang. The sampling technique employed is proportional random sampling and purposive sampling

Usaha Dan Faktor Yang Dapat Meningkatkan Minat Berwiraswasta Dalam Rangka Studi Pendidikan Wiraswasta Pada Sekolah Lanjutan Tingkat Atas Sulawesi Selatan: Kasus Ujung Pandang

It is claimed that some variables, such as parents\u27 encouragement, apprenticeship, work motivation, entrepreneurial information, and entrepreneurial knowledge enhance the student\u27 interest in entrepreneurship, the first variable, espesially, plays a very strategic role in increasing the interest of the students. The samples comprises 601 students of general and vocational secondary school, 93 parents, and 22 entrepreneurs in Ujung Pandang. The sampling technique employed is proportional random sampling and purposive sampling