Different Application Methods for Endoseal MTA Sealer: A Comparative Study

Introduction: The aim of present ex vivo study was to investigate the filling quality and voids, using Endoseal mineral trioxide aggregate (Endoseal MTA) with a single-cone technique with and without ultrasonic application and to compare these methods with lateral compaction technique. Methods and Materials: Thirty-six extracted human anterior single-root teeth were prepared and assigned to 3 groups: Group 1: EMS group was Endoseal MTA+ single-cone; Group 2: EMSU group was Endoseal MTA+ single-cone with ultrasonic activation; and Group 3: LC group was Endoseal MTA+ lateral condensation technique. Teeth were sectioned transversely in coronal, middle and apical of the teeth and the existence of voidsand their areas in the slices were measured and scored under a dental microscope. One-way analysis of variance and Post Hoc test were used for statistical analysis and also to detect any significance (α=0.05). Results: EMS group showed significantly more void area than lateral compaction group (P<0.05), but the difference between the EMSU group and the other two groups were not significant (P>0.05). Also, EMS group had significantly higher void score than the other two groups (P<0.017). Conclusion:  Endoseal MTA as a premixed calcium silicate sealer has a better performance when used with gutta-percha cone-mediated ultrasonic activation, so we suggest gentle ultrasonic activation for applying Endoseal MTA in the clinical use.Keywords: Mineral Trioxide Aggregate; Root Canal Obturation; Root Canal Sealer; Ultrasoni

Study of executive function in women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy

Background: Chemotherapy as one of the main methods of cancer treatment has many side effects that one of them is the impact of this treatment on the brain. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the executive functions in women diagnosed with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy and healthy counterparts. Methods: In this case-control study, women with breast cancer (n=40) undergoing chemotherapy along with healthy women (n=40) with no history of chronic diseases using available sampling method and were selected from Tehran Shohada Tajrish Hospital (2015-2016). Data was collected using demographic characteristics questionnaire, anxiety and depression test, continuous performance test, and Wisconsin card category collected and was analyzed by the independent t test. Findings: In the continuous performance test, omission and commission errors, with weaknesses in speed tests in patients with breast cancer were higher than those in the control group and this difference was statistically significant. There was a significant difference between the two groups in which reflects the low number of correct answers and cluster with higher preservation in breast cancer patients compared to healthy counterparts. Conclusion: According to the results, deficits in executive functions caused by chemotherapy in cancer patients that require therapeutic measures in this field. Keyword: Executive function, Breast cancer, Chemotherapy, Wome

Women Endowments of the Constitutional Functions until the End of the First Pahlavi, Case Study: Female Benefactor of Tehran

This study investigates the functions of endowments from the constitutional era to until the end of the first Pahlavi in Tehran. The dynamics of the waqf (endowment) during Islamic era led to the prosperity of culture and economy, and even the cultural spheres of society. After the Constitutional Revolution and the political and social changes of the Iranian society, Waqf has also evolved and has gained a new place in cultural and social relations. This research seeks to identify, in addition to identifying the functions of the women's endowments from the Constitutional period to the end of the first Pahlavi period, the features of the women's endowments of Tehran in this era, as well as (on the basis of existing documents) the areas included. In the process of this study, it was concluded that women were the main influential activists during social changes in the constitutional era and the first Pahlavi period and their endowments in the studied periods include significant differences, depending on the changes in attitudes, motivations of benefactors and social demands. In addition, it seems at least 20% of the endowment documents in the constitutional and Pahlavi era in Tehran were owned by women and at the same time, due to changes in the first Pahlavi era, female benefactors according to the social needs, gradually focused their attention on the social dimensions

Politics, Paidea and the State: The Political and Its Inter-Subjectiv Foundtion

For centuries one of the most important issues studied by philosophers and political theorists relating to the concept of state should be investigated in relation with the matter of education and politics. This issue has been, in a way, the first theoretical conjuncture regarding the politics in the ancient Greek, and studying state and related issued is still of much importance; this is up to the point which every question regarding the quiddity of state, politics, and concepts where these notions necessitate is the question on the qualities related to the education in a political society. In another words, every form of political dominance is directly related to the claims regarding state’s intervention in existing educational procedures in a society. I begin this article by an explanation on the quiddity of politics and also the relationship of politics to each one of us as its main subjects. Accordingly, I will try to explain the way what is known as community beyond the state is formed, as bedrock consisted of, in a way, spontaneous people, and the intervention of politics to orient this spontaneous being togetherness regarding authorities special recalling. At the end of this article, I will explain that why we should consider education as the most justifying factor of different forms of political authority, and a main factor in interventionist claims of the state in public daily life. This article is a discussion on political ontology which investigates the way ontological coordinates of politics take shape. The latter claim should be studied in relation to which relationship the authors of this article make between the meaning and politics. In a more accurate way for us, and regarding Edmund Husserl’s literature, meaning is politics objectivity. A space where everything in it, everything becomes political, is at last the meaning. It’s the very point where the study of power becomes a subordinate study. In order to explain this issue, we have provided a detailed discussion on political ontology of Carl Schmitt, Chantal Mouffe and Jacques Lacan. We hope this study can identify motif (origins) of the concept of the political, and after the conclusion it can show how education, fantasy in Zizek’s reading of Lacan, can provide the bedrock for special horizontal facilities in order to uncover the world, meaning in Husserl’s words, and through which it provides the antagonism (in Schmitt and Mouffe’s words). Through the use of possibility of shaping an inter-subjective and spontaneous understanding through the reductive actions of pure egos to the world (Husserl), we were interested to show that there is a form of being among each-otherness regarding the meaning that the main invigorator of antagonist identities in inter-subjectivity is imaginable without state’s intervention and politics. In this regard we’ve tried to consider the politics an objective issue (in a Hegelian sense) that takes the place of an external intervener confronting the reductive spontaneous-ness of the inter-subjectivity

Effects of Seed Priming Methods on Germination Parameters of Ajowan (Carum copticum) Seed

In order to investigate the effect of priming techniques on germination parameters of ajowan (Carum copticum L.) seed, an experiment was conducted in completely randomized design with four replications. The experiment treatments included a control (no priming), three hydropriming levels with distilled water (24, 36, and 48 h), three osmopriming levels with PEG (solutions with osmotic potential of -4, -8 and -12 bar), three hormone priming levels with GA3 (50, 100 and 150 ppm), three halopriming levels with KNO3 solution (2, 3, and 4%) and three zinc sulfate levels (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 %). The results showed that priming treatments had a significant effect on all traits. The rate and percentage of germination were declined in some priming treatments compared to control. Radicle length and root dry weight were decreased in polyethylene glycol -8 bar. Polyethylene glycol -4 bar and 24h hydropriming treatments significantly decreased shoot length and allometry coefficient. However, the treatment of 100 ppm hormone priming significantly increased these traits. Hydropriming 24 h treatment significantly increased germination rate, percentage and seed vigor, but hydropriming 48 h significantly increased radicle and shoot length compared to control. In conclusion, according to the priority of germination or radicle, shoot growth and seed priming cost as well, the hydropriming 24 or 48 h can be recommended as most appropriate priming type for ajowan seeds

Association of a genetic variant in the ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 1 with risk of cervical cancer

Background Cervical cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers among women and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Several factors are involved in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer including viral infections and/or genetic modifications that include single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Methods We aimed to investigate the association of genetic variants in ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily B Member 1 (ABCB1) (rs1128503) and Fc Gamma Receptor IIIa (FCGR3A) (rs396991) genes and susceptibility to cervical cancer in 263 individuals with or without this form of cancer. DNA samples were isolated and genotyped using a TaqMan based real-time (RT-) PCR method. Results The rs1128503 was found to be associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer (recessive model: OR=2.6, CI: 1.1-5.8, p=0.02). whilst there was no association between the rs396991 and susceptibility to cervical cancer. Conclusion Our results showed that there is an association between the ABCB1 polymorphism and susceptibility for cervical cancer suggesting its potential as a risk stratification marker for cervical neoplasia

How many Times of Intramuscular Injection and Intravenous Catheter Insertion is Essential for Learning? Developing Standards according to the Learning Curves

Introduction: A main purpose of clinical training in nursing education is mastery of clinical skills, which are learnt through repetition. So there is a relation between frequency of skill performance and clinical competency. In this study we used learning curve to set standards for required performance times of two main nursing skills: intramuscular injection and intravenous catheter insertion. Methods: This time series study was conducted on 57 junior nursing students who were selected through a convenience sampling method at Mashhad nursing school during 2011. Competency score of each student for each skill performance episode was evaluated by Competency Evaluation Checklist (CEV) and recorded on learning curve till reaching a plateau. CEV was confirmed by computing content validity index and intra-rater reliability coefficients (r=.91). Results: Mean competency score of IM injection was 62.4%±21.5 (out of 100) in first time which increased by 95.1±5.9 in tenth episode. The calculated value for IV catheter insertion was 36.9±10.3 in first time and 94.1±4.3 in the thirteenth. Learning curve was reached a plateau after 7 performances for intramuscular skill and 8 performances for intravenous catheter insertion skill. The number of practice episodes in IM injection and IV Catheter insertion required for acquiring a rate of 75% in competency, by 75% of students were 6 and 7 times, respectively. Conclusion: It seems that at least 7 to 8 performances of IM injection and IV catheter insertion are considered essential to attain students’ mastery. Also designing and application of a clinical logbook is useful for documenting skills performance by nursing students