"SAPS" innovative system for the aerial altitude platform sky mesh network in rural & disaster areas

Communications play a significant role in rural and disaster situations since they provide critical information to audiences and organizations, during natural or unnatural disasters, disrupted communications that require a speedy deployment communication networks to carry out necessary relief, in fact, the traditional techniques fail to provide access to the Internet in rural and isolated areas.In order to improve the communication system performance in isolated areas an aerial altitude platform system (AAPS) could be used. But this mechanism has encountered problems of precariousness due to strong winds; this challenge hinders network deployment due to loss of the line of sight (LoS), so a smart antenna platform system (SAPS) base station is suggested.In this paper we demonstrate, for the first time, that the SAPS system provides more stability and accuracy in transmission of radio signals by the use of 3-axis (accelerometer and gyroscope) sensors.The experimental analysis done in this work considers mesh networks and LoS between the mesh nodes with low weight, low costs and high performance

A Novel Approach Evaluation for Enhancing Networks

AbstractThis study reveals for a creation of a system that has the ability to prove the technical feasibility and the advantages of a joint Radio Frequency and fiber optic system with self-trace directional control between deployed network nodes in the low space. Sky's mesh network utilizing aerial altitude platform stations (AAPS) are driven via Wi-Fi and optical fiber to support and strengthen the capacity of network nodes by acquiring high quality coverage. The mechanism of AAPS Face a real challenge of precariousness due to winds; this challenge hinders network deployment due to loss of the line of sight (LoS). A smart communication platform system (SCPS) base station is proposed to overcome the limitations. Research aimed to evaluate the SCPS mechanism, to verify aptitude of system performance which is used to handling and supporting the communication networks in disaster areas

Optical properties of ultraphosphate glasses containing mixed divalent zinc and magnesium ions

Ternary zinc magnesium ultraphosphate glasses corresponding to (ZnO)x(MgO)30−x(P2O5)70 were prepared by melt quenching technique in the range of 5 ⩽ x ⩽ 20 mol%. The optical absorption spectra of the glasses were measured at room temperature in the wavelength range between 190 and 1100 nm, and the refractive indices of the glasses were measured at room temperature at a wavelength of 632.8 nm. The optical absorption spectra indicated that the electronic transition was indirect and associated with the phonon-assisted transition. From the absorption spectra, the optical energy band gap (Eopt) and Urbach energy (EU) values for all of the glass samples were calculated from their ultraviolet edges. The values of Eopt and EU were found to be in the range of 3.54–3.81 eV and 0.27–0.45 eV, respectively, both of which vary in a non-linear manner, with a turning point at 15 mol% of ZnO. The composition-dependence of these values has been suggested and analyzed in the light of switching role of Mg2+ based on its anomalous natural behavior from network builder to modifier depending upon its concentration. The values of refractive index ranged from 1.513 to 1.534. Variations in these optical parameters, as well as variations in density and molar volume are discussed and correlated with the structural changes within the glassy matrix

Thermographic measurements on unrestrained Swiss albino mice exposed to non-ionizing electromagnetic field (EMF) of 2.14 GHz UMTS downlink frequency

Thermographic measurements were performed on Mus musculus (Swiss albino mice) exposed to non-ionizing electromagnetic field (EMF) of 2.14 GHz Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) downlink frequency to determine thermal effect. Sham-exposed mice samples show consistent transient increase in daily mean body temperature. The mice samples were expected to experience a rise in body temperature when exposed to UMTS signal. However, the exposed samples show a gradual decrease in mean body temperature pattern for the first 10 days and then settled at a lower mean body temperature range until day 21. In conclusion, the thermographic measurement results did not demonstrate a significant thermal effect mediated by 2.14 GHz EMF exposure at 1 V/m, with highly variable individual response of the mice samples to the exposure observed in both groups. Actual thermal effects might have been masked by the thermoregulatory mechanism or other factors, or the exposure level applied was too low to produce any observable thermal effect. The measurement results also support that mice rarely survived when their body temperature dropped below 33.3°C of hypothermia endpoint temperature

Modeling and measuring dielectric constants for very thin materials using a coaxial probe

This paper is focused on the non-destructive measurement of the dielectric constants (relative permittivities) of thin dielectric material (0.1-0.5 mm) using an open-ended coaxial probe with an outer diameter of 4.1 mm. Normalized de-embedding and network error calibration procedures were applied to the coaxial probe. The measured reflection coefficients for the thin samples were taken with a vector network analyzer up to 7 GHz, and the calibrated reflection coefficients were converted to relative dielectric constants using an empirical reflection coefficient model. The empirical model was created using the regression method and expressed as a polynomial model, and the coefficients of the model were obtained by fitting the data using the Finite Element Method (FEM)

Analysis Air Cooling Mechanism for Photovoltaic Panel by Solar Simulator

Measurement the outdoor efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) panels is essential, but it is not likely an exceptional circumstance at any given moment is always repeating itself. A solar simulator was designed and fabricated for the purpose of analyzing the performance of PV panel with and without an air cooling mechanism in indoor test. Twenty units of 500 W halogen lamps with build-in reflector support by the steel structure holder act as a natural sunlight. The uniformity of the solar radiation was measured in the test area. Two units of PV panel with same characteristics were experimental in three sets of uniformity of solar radiation, which are 620, 821 and 1016 W/m². The operating temperature of PV panel with an air cooling mechanism can be decreased 2-3 ˚C compared to PV panel reference. The PV panel with an air cooling mechanism can be increased in 3-7 % of maximum power output based on solar radiation. An overall method and procedure of the measurement by the solar simulator are discussed and proposed

Rubber Tire Dust-Rice Husk Pyramidal Microwave Absorber

Rubber tire dust-rice husk is an innovation in improving the design of pyramidal microwave absorbers to be used in radio frequency (RF) anechoic chambers. An RF anechoic chamber is a shielded room covered with absorbers to eliminate unwanted refection signals. To design the pyramidal microwave absorber, rice husk will be added to rubber tire dust since the study shows that both have high percentages of carbon. This innovative material combination will be investigated to determine the best reflectivity or reflection loss performance of pyramidal microwave absorbers. Carbon is the most important element that must be in the absorber in order to help the absorption of unwanted microwave signals. In the commercial market, polyurethane and polystyrene are the most popular foam- based material that has been used in pyramidal microwave absorber fabrication. Instead of using chemical material, this study shows that agricultural waste is more environmentally friendly and has much lower cost. In this paper, three combinations of rubber tire dust and rice husk are fabricated to investigate the performance of microwave absorber reflection loss in operating in the frequency range from 7 GHz to 12 GHz