Tiny Codes for Guaranteeable Delay

Future 5G systems will need to support ultra-reliable low-latency communications scenarios. From a latency-reliability viewpoint, it is inefficient to rely on average utility-based system design. Therefore, we introduce the notion of guaranteeable delay which is the average delay plus three standard deviations of the mean. We investigate the trade-off between guaranteeable delay and throughput for point-to-point wireless erasure links with unreliable and delayed feedback, by bringing together signal flow techniques to the area of coding. We use tiny codes, i.e. sliding window by coding with just 2 packets, and design three variations of selective-repeat ARQ protocols, by building on the baseline scheme, i.e. uncoded ARQ, developed by Ausavapattanakun and Nosratinia: (i) Hybrid ARQ with soft combining at the receiver; (ii) cumulative feedback-based ARQ without rate adaptation; and (iii) Coded ARQ with rate adaptation based on the cumulative feedback. Contrasting the performance of these protocols with uncoded ARQ, we demonstrate that HARQ performs only slightly better, cumulative feedback-based ARQ does not provide significant throughput while it has better average delay, and Coded ARQ can provide gains up to about 40% in terms of throughput. Coded ARQ also provides delay guarantees, and is robust to various challenges such as imperfect and delayed feedback, burst erasures, and round-trip time fluctuations. This feature may be preferable for meeting the strict end-to-end latency and reliability requirements of future use cases of ultra-reliable low-latency communications in 5G, such as mission-critical communications and industrial control for critical control messaging.Comment: to appear in IEEE JSAC Special Issue on URLLC in Wireless Network

Automated Vehicles Risk Assessment and Evaluation

Statistics show that the number of passenger cars is increasing significantly, which will have a negative impact on social, economic and environmental sustainability, and it will cause severe problems for the next generations. Automated Vehicles represent an innovation in automotive technology. They have become a global concern because of their importance in smart traffic systems as well as their significant impact on safety, supposing that traffic will be more efficient and longer travel distance will not be a problem. They will become more acceptable since they will encourage living in suburbs and leaving noisy and polluted cities behind. Drivers will be more relaxed and in comfort while enjoying travel time and some extra privileges that they may have, for example, the chance for spending time more productively and efficiently at non-driving times inside the vehicle. Automated Vehicles are also beneficial for the environment. In fact, it is expected that in the next few years these cars in general will provide a solution for many problems. Researchers and planners of transportation systems are facing many challenges in the field of autonomous vehicles, as the level of safety and mobility involves such elements and circumstances which may cause that the operated travel will be less efficient than expected. The aim of the article is to discuss the challenges, threats, vulnerability, impacts and likelihood of failure faced in the development of Automated Vehicles by studying information security risk management standard process, and explaining how to apply the process of International Organization for Standardization. The concept of applying ISO to Automated Vehicles will be discussed here through certain processes

UNDERSTANDING TRANSITION INTO PRACTICE AFTER POST GRADUATE MEDICAL EDUCATION IN SURGICAL SPECIALTIES

Introduction: Becoming independent in the operating room is a source of tremendous stress in the initial years of practice. There is paucity of research describing the challenges surgeons face during transition and their coping strategies. Methodology: We conducted semi-structured interviews using rich pictures as an elicitation method. Qualitative thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Results: Surgeons described their transition as revolving around two goals: achieving good outcomes and minimizing their fear of complications. They also described challenges related to being a surgeon and beyond being a surgeon. Contextual factors related to the surgical specialty played a pivotal role in how they were able to cope with those challenges. Conclusion: Our study suggests that transition to practice is not a uniform experience across surgical specialties. The institutional context/culture in which it occurs shape the strategies used by transitioning surgeons

Studi Tentang Motivasi Belajar pada Siswa Penggemar Balap Motor Liar di Kecamatan Krembung

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mendeskripsikan motivasi belajar siswa penggemar balap motor liar yang masih bersekolah, mendesripsikan peran sekolah terhadap siswa yang menggemari balap motor liar, mendeskripsikan peran orang tua terhadap siswa yang menggemari balap motor liar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Subjek utama penelitian ini adalah siswa SMP yang menggemari balap motor liar di Kecamatan Krembung dengan subjek pendukung yaitu guru dan orang tua. Jumlah subjek dalam penelitian ini 9 orang yang terdiri dari 3 subjek utam 6 subjek pendukung. Peneliti melaksanakan di Kecamatan Krembung dengan mengambil 3 sekolah yang merupakan tempat sekolah siswa yang menggemari balap motor liar. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Didalam uji kredibilitas data, peneliti menggunakan trianggulasi teknik dan trianggulasi sumber. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah model Miles dan Huberman, meliputi data reduction (reduksi data), data display (penyajian data) dan conclusion drawing / verification. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu bahwa siswa yang menggemari balap motor liar tidak memiliki motivasi belajar. Hal ini terbukti dari ke 3 siswa tersebut tidak menunjukkan memiliki ciri-ciri dari motivasi belajar. Di sekolah siswa sering terlambat datang ke sekolah dan juga kadang tertidur di kelas ketika jam pelajaran berlangsung. Ketika di suruh mengerjakan soal di depan kelas siswa tidak bisa menyelesaikannya. Selain itu siswa juga sering mencontoh pekerjaan teman dan juga tidak aktif ketika melakukan kegiatan diskusi kelompok. Siswa juga jarang belajar ketika di rumah dan hanya belajar ketika akan ujian. Adapun peran guru terhadap siswa yang menggemari balap motor liar di kecamatan krembung yaitu dengan bekerjasama dengan polsek setempat untuk memberikan pemahaman dan sosialisasi larangan untuk balapan liar di jalan raya. Selain itu apabila siswa tetap tidak menunjukkan minat terhadap belajar sehinga membuat nilai akademiknya rendah, sekolah juga akan mempertimbangkan untuk tidak dinaikkan kelas. Sebelumnya sekolah juga memanggil pihak orang tua siswa yang bersangkutan untuk melakukan kerja sama dalam memberikan pemahaman kepada siswa tersebut. Selain itu guru juga memberikan pemahaman kepada siswa jika memang mempunyai bakat dalam balapan motor, sebaiknya menyalurkan bakat tersebut ke dalam acara yang resmi yaitu balap motor resmi yang memang sudah terfasilitas sesuai dengan standar untuk balap. Dan untuk peran orang tua yang memiliki anak yang menggemari balap motor liar tersebut dalam memberi motivasi belajar yaitu dengan memantau kegiatan anak tersebut dan hanya bekerjasama dengan guru di sekolah. Tetapi tidak ada dukungan yang sepenuhnya dari orang tua agar anak tersebut belajar. Selain itu juga dikarenakan siswa tersebut jika di suruh belajar di rumah sering membantah dan bilang jika sudah belajar di rumah temannya. Akan tetapi hal tersebut tidak dibuktikan kebenarannya oleh orang tuanya.     Kata Kunci : Motivasi Belajar, Penggemar Balap Motor, Siswa SMP&nbsp

EFL Undergraduate Students' Perspectives of the Curriculum Employed in the English Language Department at the Hashemite University

This current study aimed to investigate EFL undergraduate students' perspectives of the curriculum employed in the English Language Department at the Hashemite University. More specifically, the study attempted to explore their perspectives of the literature, linguistics, translation and the four language skills courses they had during their study at the university. The research instruments used was a questionnaire and questionnaire interview. One hundred and seventy seven students (40 males and 137 females) took part in the study. Eighty two of them were in the third year of study and 95 were in the fourth. Results showed that the students perceived the curriculum positively and regarded the translation and four language skills courses as the most beneficial. Results also indicated the reasons behind which the students regarded each course as more/less beneficial. In addition, they revealed statistical significant differences in the students’ responses due to gender in favor of females and no significant differences according to study-year. In light of these results, recommendations were suggested. Keywords: EFL undergraduates, perspectives, EFL curriculum, EFL courses, The Hashemite University DOI: 10.7176/JEP/10-26-01 Publication date:September 30th 201

Team Teaching in Higher Education: Personalities, Leadership Styles, and Preferences

Objective: This study aims to find out more about a) certain personality types, leadership styles, and teaching philosophies of those who have participated in team teaching, as well as b) their preferences for team teaching. These preliminary results ought to be helpful to faculty who may be asked to consider team teaching with a colleague(s), and results may help academic administrators assign and match faculty to team teach courses in their program offerings.Background: Given that few faculty have had the opportunity to team teach relative to the numerous courses they offer solo, there is a lack of focus, faculty development opportunities, and research on this subject. This does not, however, diminish the value of this method of delivering courses in higher education. Faculty may explore collaborative teaching in a number of ways, such as inviting a colleague to provide a one-time guest lecture, distributing assignments according to the collaborators' specialized knowledge, or working together on every part of the course.Methods: Using previously developed Myers-Briggs personality type finders and leadership style research tools, the participants' leadership and personality types were identified (Malak et al., 2022). People's experiences with teaching and preferences for leading vs. following were mapped using both qualitative (self-report) and quantitative (survey) approaches.Results: Sixty-three percent of the respondents identified as utilizing either servant leadership or coaching/mentoring. The majority of "E" type personalities like to "Lead," especially in a team-teaching atmosphere, according to this study's findings. The traditional team-teaching method was adopted by 49% of the participants, while 26% used cooperative learning, 11% used integrated learning, 9% used parallel learning, and the remaining 6% used monitoring learning. It is important to highlight that more than 60% of the subjects who had "E" qualities had backgrounds in nursing, public health, health administration, or health care.Conclusions: In summary, the faculty survey data reveal an overall profile of the faculty who have team taught in higher education as an extrovert with a penchant for judging; who prefers to lead rather than follow; uses a coaching/mentoring or servant leadership style; and prefers high level cooperation with a colleague(s) in the full range of teaching/learning activities

Exploring the Interconnected Role of the Oral Microbiome and Periodontal Disease in the Development and Progression of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

This comprehensive review explores the complex linkage among the oral microbiome, periodontal disease, and the onset and progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)

ARQ with Cumulative Feedback to Compensate for Burst Errors

We propose a cumulative feedback-based ARQ (CF ARQ) protocol for a sliding window of size 2 over packet erasure channels with unreliable feedback. We exploit a matrix signal-flow graph approach to analyze probability-generating functions of transmission and delay times. Contrasting its performance with that of the uncoded baseline scheme for ARQ, developed by Ausavapattanakun and Nosratinia, we demonstrate that CF ARQ can provide significantly less average delay under bursty feedback, and gains up to about 20% in terms of throughput. We also outline the benefits of CF ARQ under burst errors and asymmetric channel conditions. The protocol is more predictable across statistics, hence is more stable. This can help design robust systems when feedback is unreliable. This feature may be preferable for meeting the strict end-to-end latency and reliability requirements of future use cases of ultra-reliable low-latency communications in 5G, such as mission-critical communications and industrial control for critical control messaging.Comment: GLOBECOM'18. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1806.0577

The Effectiveness of Blended Learning by Using "Google Classroom" on the Achievement and Attitudes toward Mathematics of the Fourth-Grade Students

هدفت الدراسة الحالية، إلى الكشف عن أثر التعلم المدمج في التحصيل الدراسي في الرياضيات لدى تلاميذ الصف الرابع واتجاهاتهم نحوها باستخدام أحد التطبيقات المستندة إلى الحوسبة السحابية (فصول جوجل Google Classroom). وطبقت الدراسة على عينة من تلاميذ مدرسة المنهل الدولية، للعام الدراسي 2018\2019، المكونة من شعبتين من الصف الرابع وعددهم 61 تلميذاً، وتكونت المجموعة التي خضعت للتعلم المدمج من 31  تلميذاً، بينما تكونت مجموعة التعليم الاعتيادي من 30 تلميذاً. ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة استُخدم المنهج شبه التجريبي. واستُخدمت في الدراسة أداتان: اختبار التحصيل الدراسي في الرياضيات، ومقياس الاتجاهات نحو الرياضيات. وأظهرت نتائج الدراسة أن هناك فروقاً دالة إحصائيا في مستوى التحصيل الدراسي، والاتجاهات نحو الرياضيات، لصالح مجموعة التعلم المدمج. وأن هنالك علاقة ارتباط إيجابية دالة إحصائيا بين التحصيل الدراسي، والاتجاهات نحو الرياضيات.This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of blended learning using Google classroom application on grade fours student’s achievement in mathematics and their attitudes toward it. The study sample consisted of 61 students of the fourth-grade students at Manhal International School in 2018\2019 academic year. The sample was divided into two study groups, a group of blended learning consisting of 31 students and a conventional group consisting of 30 students. The quasi-experimental analysis method was used to achieve the objectives of the study. Two tools were used in the study: Academic achievement test in probability and statistics, and questionnaire of attitudes towards mathematics. The study results showed that there were statistically significant differences in academic achievement and attitudes toward mathematics in favour of blended learning group, and there was a significant positive correlation between academic achievement and attitudes towards mathematic