SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE MODIFICATION WITH MONOMETHOXYPOLYETHYLENE GLYCOL INCREASES PREPARATION ACCUMULATION IN HEART AND LUNGS AND DECREASES REPERFUSION INJURY IN EXPERIMENTAL-THERAPY OF RATS

SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE MODIFICATION WITH MONOMETHOXYPOLYETHYLENE GLYCOL INCREASES PREPARATION ACCUMULATION IN HEART AND LUNGS AND DECREASES REPERFUSION INJURY IN EXPERIMENTAL-THERAPY OF RAT

Biodistribution of a polyethylene glycol-modified superoxide dismutase in mice and its effect on myocardial ischemia treatment in rats

We have performed a comparative study of the biodistribution in mice of native and monomethoxypolyethylene glycol-modified superoxide dismutase isolated from bovine liver after intravenous injection. Polymer modification greatly influenced the biodistribution of enzyme preparation. Monomethoxypolyethylene glycol-modified SOD (mPEG-SOD) exhibited a longer residence time and a considerably longer half-time in the blood, lungs, and heart than the native enzyme. Using a rat model of ischemia, we demonstrated that an intravenous bolus administration of mPEG-SOD reduced the size of the myocardium necrosis zone by 40% compared with a 13% reduction by native enzyme. These results suggest that mPEG-SOD is a promising agent for decreasing reperfusion injury to the cardiovascular system

Integral equation technique for scatterers with mesoscopic insertions: Application to a carbon nanotube

We present the electromagnetic scattering theory for a finite-length nanowire with an embedded mesoscopic object. The theory is based on a synthesis of the integral equation technique of classical electrodynamics and the quantum transport formalism. We formulate Hallén-type integral equations, where the canonical integral operators from wire antenna theory are combined with special terms responsible for the mesoscopic structure. The theory is applied to calculate the polarizability of a finite-length single-walled carbon nanotube (CNT) with a short low-conductive section (LCS) in the microwave and subterahertz ranges. The LCS is modeled as a multichannel two-electrode mesoscopic system. The effective resistive sheet impedance boundary conditions for the scattered field are applied on the CNT surface. It is shown that the imaginary part of the polarizability spectrum has three peaks. Two of them are in the terahertz range, while the third is in the gigahertz range. The polarizability spectrum of the CNT with many LCSs has only one gigahertz peak, which shifts to low frequencies as the number of LCSs increases. The physical nature of these peaks is explained, and potential applications of nanoantennas are proposed

A low molecular weight heparin inhibits experimental metastasis in mice independently of the endothelial glycocalyx

Contains fulltext : 88997.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)BACKGROUND: Some low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) prolong survival of cancer patients and inhibit experimental metastasis. The underlying mechanisms are still not clear but it has been suggested that LMWHs (at least in part) limit metastasis by preventing cancer cell-induced destruction of the endothelial glycocalyx. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: To prove or refute this hypothesis, we determined the net effects of the endothelial glycocalyx in cancer cell extravasation and we assessed the anti-metastatic effect of a clinically used LMWH in the presence and absence of an intact endothelial glycocalyx. We show that both exogenous enzymatic degradation as well as endogenous genetic modification of the endothelial glycocalyx decreased pulmonary tumor formation in a murine experimental metastasis model. Moreover, LMWH administration significantly reduced the number of pulmonary tumor foci and thus experimental metastasis both in the presence or absence of an intact endothelial glycocalyx. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, this paper shows that the net effect of the endothelial glycocalyx enhances experimental metastasis and that a LMWH does not limit experimental metastasis by a process involving the endothelial glycocalyx