On Jones polynomials of alternating pretzel knots

We show that there are infinitely many pairs of alternating pretzel knots whose Jones polynomials are identical.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figure

Mechanisms of Significant Precipitation Hardening in a Medium Carbon Bainitic Steel by Complex Nanocarbides Composed of Nb, Ti and V

Precipitation-hardening behavior of various medium carbon bainitic steels with added elements of Nb, Ti and V was systematically investigated. Complex nanocarbides composed of Nb, Ti and V precipitated after aging in the steel with multiple additions of all the elements, whereas those with added individual elements were simple MC types. The amount of precipitation hardening (ΔHv) after aging at 873 K of the former steel was approximately 90 ΔHv, while those of the latter were less than 40 ΔHv at best. Therefore, significant precipitation hardening took place by multiple element addition. The different amount of precipitation hardening depending on added elements was reasonably understood by considering misfit parameters between carbides and ferrite matrix

硝子体の構造とその液化との関係

The aim of the study is to clarify the vitreous body structure and liquefaction phenomena. It was found that when melting a frozen rabbit vitreous body, the gel-sol transition phenomenon occurs and the gel structure is broken. This is almost like the liquefaction of the vitreous body in vivo. We try to clarify the liquefaction phenomenon by using this animal model. The native vitreous body has three dimensional meshwork structures. After liquefaction, it is changed into two parts, namely fiber aggregates and soluble amorphous aggregates. The surface of native vitreous body meshwork is mucopolysacharide, but that of fiber aggregates after liquefaction is changed into connective tissue, which means the conformational change of vitreous body in liquefaction. The soluble proteins after liquefaction were analyzed and identified as crystallin family. It is suggested that the liquefaction is induced by detachment of non-collagenous protein beads containing crystallins, resulting in the collapse of the three dimensional structure to release watery liquid trapped within. And the new gel-sol transition model of vitreous bod is proposed.博士（医学）・乙1330号・平成26年3月17

Fast, exact, and parallel-friendly outlier detection algorithms with proximity graph in metric spaces

In many fields, e.g., data mining and machine learning, distance-based outlier detection (DOD) is widely employed to remove noises and find abnormal phenomena, because DOD is unsupervised, can be employed in any metric spaces, and does not have any assumptions of data distributions. Nowadays, data mining and machine learning applications face the challenge of dealing with large datasets, which requires efficient DOD algorithms. We address the DOD problem with two different definitions. Our new idea, which solves the problems, is to exploit an in-memory proximity graph. For each problem, we propose a new algorithm that exploits a proximity graph and analyze an appropriate type of proximity graph for the algorithm. Our empirical study using real datasets confirms that our DOD algorithms are significantly faster than state-of-the-art ones.Amagata D., Onizuka M., Hara T.. Fast, exact, and parallel-friendly outlier detection algorithms with proximity graph in metric spaces. VLDB Journal 31, 797 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1007/s00778-022-00729-1

Fast and Exact Outlier Detection in Metric Spaces: A Proximity Graph-based Approach

Distance-based outlier detection is widely adopted in many fields, e.g., data mining and machine learning, because it is unsupervised, can be employed in a generic metric space, and does not have any assumptions of data distributions. Data mining and machine learning applications face a challenge of dealing with large datasets, which requires efficient distance-based outlier detection algorithms. Due to the popularization of computational environments with large memory, it is possible to build a main-memory index and detect outliers based on it, which is a promising solution for fast distance-based outlier detection. Motivated by this observation, we propose a novel approach that exploits a proximity graph. Our approach can employ an arbitrary proximity graph and obtains a significant speed-up against state-of-the-art. However, designing an effective proximity graph raises a challenge, because existing proximity graphs do not consider efficient traversal for distance-based outlier detection. To overcome this challenge, we propose a novel proximity graph, MRPG. Our empirical study using real datasets demonstrates that MRPG detects outliers significantly faster than the state-of-the-art algorithms

Neurologic Complications of Varicella-Zoster Virus Infection

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) causes a diverse spectrum of neurologic complications: aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, cerebral infarction associated with granulomatous vasculitis, myelitis, and cranial polyneuropathy. These VZV-associated central nervous system (CNS) diseases usually result from reactivation of latent infection in immunosuppressive conditions, such as old age, diabetes mellitus, cancer, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and the use of immunosuppressive drugs. However, they also occur in immunocompetent subjects. Since VZV antigen or DNA is often detected in the cerebrospinal fluid of these patients, it is thought that reactivated VZV reaches the central nervous system by direct spread from latently infected sensory ganglia. Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid by PCR is important for the diagnosis of VZV-associated CNS diseases particularly in the absence of exanthema/herpes zoster. Clinicians should be aware of the neurologic complications of VZV infection, because early acyclovir therapy is necessary for these disorders

αC including a novel three- component non-heme diiron monooxygenase system

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Lower tropospheric vertical distribution of aerosol particles over Syowa Station, Antarctica from spring to summer 2004

Vertical distributions of atmospheric aerosol particles were measured nine times up to 5200 m a.s.l. using an aircraft over Syowa Station, East Antarctica during September-December 2004. Measurements were made for number concentrations of condensation nuclei (CN, Dp>10 nm), number-size distribution larger than 0.3 μm diameter, air temperature, humidity, and GPS position. During spring, the vertical profile of CN concentration showed large variability (100-1000 cm^(-3)), but it was mostly constant in summer. Vertical profiles of number-size distribution larger than 0.3 μm showed a systematic shift at altitudes greater than 4000 m. Both concentrations of aerosol number for Dp>0.3 μm and integrated volume between 0.3 and 1.0 μm showed constantly lower values at altitudes greater than 4000 m. These data suggest that the shift of aerosol parameters results from depletion of coarse particles such as sea salts. Maximum concentrations of the volume and CN were obtained respectively from the profiles on 7 October and 29 November 2004. These events are interpreted as sources and transport processes based on synoptic meteorological data, an ocean color index produced by SeaWiFS, and backward air trajectory analysis

Relationship between tissue characterization with 40MHz intravascular ultrasound imaging and 64-slice computed tomography

AbstractBackgroundIdentification of coronary plaque composition is important for selecting the treatment strategy, and 64-slice computed tomography (CT) is a noninvasive method of characterizing atherosclerotic plaques. However, the correlation between plaque characteristics detected by CT and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is not clear. A 40MHz IVUS imaging system (iMap-IVUS) has recently been developed to evaluate plaque composition. The aim of this study was to compare iMap-IVUS with 64-slice CT angiography for the characterization of non-calcified coronary plaques.Methods and resultsBoth 64-slice CT angiography and iMap-IVUS were performed in 19 patients (38 plaques). CT values were measured as Hounsfield units (HU) in circular regions of interest (ROI) drawn on the plaques. The iMap-IVUS system analyzed coronary plaques as fibrotic, lipidic, necrotic, or calcified tissue based on the radiofrequency spectrum.A positive correlation was found between CT values and the percentage of fibrotic plaque (r=0.34, p=0.036) or calcified plaque (r=0.40, p=0.011). Conversely, a negative correlation was found between CT values and the percentage of lipidic plaque (r=−0.41, p=0.01), or necrotic plaque (r=−0.41, p=0.01).ConclusionsGood correlations were observed between the characteristics of non-calcified plaque determined by iMap-IVUS and the CT values of plaque detected by 64-slice CT scanning

A liquid-helium cooled large-area silicon PIN photodiode x-ray detector

An x-ray detector using a liquid-helium cooled large-area silicon PIN photodiode has been developed along with a tailor-made charge sensitive preamplifier whose first-stage JFET has been cooled. The operating temperature of the JFET has been varied separately and optimized. The x- and $\gamma$-ray energy spectra for an \nuc{241}{Am} source have been measured with the photodiode operated at 13 K. An energy resolution of 1.60 keV (FWHM) has been obtained for 60-keV $\gamma$ rays and 1.30 keV (FWHM) for the pulser. The energy threshold could be set as low as 3 keV. It has been shown that a silicon PIN photodiode serves as a low-cost excellent x-ray detector which covers large area at 13 K.Comment: 6 pages, and 3 figures, Elsevier macros elsart.sty and elsart12.sty are neede