Rank importance, where impairment at a point has a significant association with decreased vision-related quality of life.

<p>The 26 important integrated visual field (IVF) test locations for each VRQoL task and overall VRQoL. IVF test points were superimposed onto an illustrative photograph corresponding to each task. The intensity of red increases according to the level of importance of each IVF test point. 1a: letters and sentences (viewing distance of 30 cm), 1b: walking (viewing distance of 5 m to the coffee shop flag, as viewed from the right hand side pavement, which is the walking direction in Japan), 1c: going out (viewing distance of 5 m to the information board), 1d: dining (viewing distance of 40 cm), 1e: total. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0058695#pone-0058695-g002" target="_blank">Figure 2b</a> has been edited to ensure anonymity of the people in it (the faces have been blurred) since written informed consent was not given.</p

RMSE for each VRQoL task and overall VRQoL score.

<p>Each value is calculated as the absolute difference between predicted VRQoL score and the actual VRQoL score in the testing dataset in the leave-one-out cross validation. RMSE: root mean of the squared prediction error, VRQoL: vision-related quality of life, VA (worse-eye): visual acuity of the eye with worse mean deviation (MD), VA (better-eye): visual acuity of the eye with better MD, MR: Multiple regression with VA (better-eye), VA (worse-eye) and MD of IVF (Integrated Visual Field) (**: p<0.05, *: p<0.01, in comparison with Random Forest, ten fold cross validation).</p

Questions included in the ‘Sumi Questionnaire’ (questions originally written in Japanese).

<p>Questions included in the ‘Sumi Questionnaire’ (questions originally written in Japanese).</p

Patient demographics.

<p>MD: mean deviation, SD: standard deviation, POAG: primary open-angle glaucoma, NTG: normal tension glaucoma, PACG: primary angle-closure glaucoma, and SOAG: secondary open angle glaucoma.</p

Ocular Adverse Events After Influenza Vaccination in Older Adults: Self-Controlled Case Series Using a Large Database in Japan

To clarify the risk of adverse ocular events following influenza vaccination. This self-controlled case series study used a claims database linked to vaccination records of a large city in Japan between April 2014 and September 2021. Individuals aged ≥ 65 years who developed adverse ocular events during the follow-up period were included. The exposure was influenza vaccination. The primary outcome was defined as the occurrence of at least one of the following five eye diseases: uveitis, scleritis, retinal vein occlusion, retinal artery occlusion, or optic neuritis. Conditional Poisson regression was used to estimate the within-subject incidence rate ratio of ocular adverse events during the risk period (0–56 days after vaccination) compared to the control period. A total of 4,527 cases were eligible for the study (median age, 74 years; male, 42%). The incidence rate ratio for the outcome during the risk period was 0.99 (95% confidence interval, 0.87 to 1.14). No increased risk was observed for individual components of the outcome either; the incidence rate ratio was 0.94 (0.78 to 1.13) for uveitis, 1.17 (0.86 to 1.59) for scleritis, 0.98 (0.76 to 1.27) for retinal vein occlusion, 0.89 (0.42 to 1.87) for retinal artery occlusion, and 0.87 (0.44 to 1.70) for optic neuritis. This self-controlled case series showed no apparent increase in the risk of adverse ocular events after influenza vaccination among older adults. These results mitigate the concerns of older adults who may hesitate to receive influenza vaccination for fear of adverse ocular events. HR = hazard ratio; CI = confidence interval; RVO = retinal vein occlusion; SCCS = self-controlled case series</p

Real-Time Measurement of Antiglaucoma Drugs in Porcine Eyes Using Boron-Doped Diamond Microelectrodes

The primary treatment for glaucoma, the most common cause of intermediate vision impairment, involves administering ocular hypotensive drugs in the form of topical eye drops. Observing real-time changes in the drugs that pass through the cornea and reach the anterior chamber of the eye is crucial for improving and developing safe, reliable, and effective medical treatments. Traditional methods for measuring temporal changes in drug concentrations in the aqueous humor employ separation analyzers such as LC–MS/MS. However, this technique requires multiple measurements on the eyes of various test subjects to track changes over time with a high temporal resolution. To address this issue, we have developed a measurement method that employs boron-doped diamond (BDD) microelectrodes to monitor real-time drug concentrations in the anterior chamber of the eye. First, we confirmed the electrochemical reactivity of 13 antiglaucoma drugs in a phosphate buffer solution with a pH of 7.4. Next, we optimized the method for continuous measurement of timolol maleate (TIM), a sympathetic beta-receptor antagonist, and generated calibration curves for each BDD microelectrode using aqueous humor collected from enucleated porcine eyes. We successfully demonstrated the continuous ex vivo monitoring of TIM concentrations in the anterior chambers of these enucleated porcine eyes. The results indicate that changes in intracameral TIM concentrations can be monitored through electrochemical measurements using BDD microelectrodes. This technique holds promise for future advancements in optimizing glaucoma treatment and drug administration strategies

Parameters selected in optimal linear models for IOP measured with Goldmann tonometer.

<p>CST: Corvis ST tonometer, IOP-C: intraocular pressure measured with Corvis ST tonometer, AL: axial length, CCT: central corneal thickness. Characters in bold suggest selected parameters. ‘n.s.’ suggests not selected in the optimal linear model.</p

Assessing Visual Fields in Patients with Retinitis Pigmentosa Using a Novel Microperimeter with Eye Tracking: The MP-3

<div><p>Purpose</p><p>The purpose of the current study is to investigate the test-retest reproducibility of visual fields (VFs) measured with the MP-3 microperimeter, in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP).</p><p>Method</p><p>VFs were twice measured with the MP-3 and also the Humphrey Field Analyzer, using the 10–2 test grid pattern in both perimeters, in 30 eyes (15 right and 15 left eyes) of 18 RP patients (11 males and 7 females). Test-retest reproducibility was assessed using the mean absolute deviation (MAD) measure at all 68 points in the test grid. Reproducibility was also evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of VF sensitivities.</p><p>Result</p><p>The mean sensitivity measured in the HFA 10–2 was significantly higher than that measured in the MP-3 in both the first and second VF tests (p <0.0001, linear mixed model). The MAD was 2.4±0.6 [1.1 to 3.6] dB for MP-3 and 2.4±0.9 [1.1 to 5.1] dB for HFA 10–2, which was not significantly different (p = 0.76, linear mixed model). The ICC value associated with the MP-3 VFs was 0.81±0.13 [0.49 to 0.98], which was significantly larger than that observed for the HFA 10–2 VFs: 0.77±0.19 [0.20 to 0.94] (p = 0.043, linear mixed model).</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>The MP-3 microperimeter appears to be useful to evaluate central visual function in RP eyes, exhibiting test-retest reproducibility that is equal to, or better than, that observed in HFA 10–2 VFs.</p></div

Target presentation and the examinee’s view during the binocular random single eye test.

<p>The test target was presented randomly to either eye under a non-occlusion condition and the patient was not aware of which eye was being tested. To better demonstrate this test with visible targets, target size V is used in this figure although target size III was the actual size used in this study.</p

Patient demographics.

<p>SD: standard deviation, HFA: Humphrey Field Analyzer</p