Analysis of Multijunction solar cells: Electroluminescence study

This paper describes the principle of the study which is based on electroluminescence to extract the parameters characterizing the recombination centers induced by irradiation in a solar cell. This technique is able to provide direct information on each individual junction constituting the multijonctions. The results are compared with those obtained by electrical methods.This paper describes the principle of the study which is based on electroluminescence to extract the parameters characterizing the recombination centers induced by irradiation in a solar cell. This technique is able to provide direct information on each individual junction constituting the multijonctions. The results are compared with those obtained by electrical methods

Finite element simulation of nonlinear convective heat and mass transfer in a micropolar fluid-filled enclosure with Rayleigh number effects

A mathematical model is presented to study the double-diffusive convective heat and mass transfer of a micropolar biofluid in a rectangular enclosure, as a model of transport phenomena in a bioreactor. The vertical walls of the enclosure are maintained at constant but different temperatures and concentrations. The conservation equations for linear momentum, angular momentum, energy and species concentration are formulated subject to appropriate boundary conditions and solved using both finite element and finite difference numerical techniques. Results are shown to be in excellent agreement between these methods. Several special cases of the flow regime are discussed. The distributions for streamline, isotemperature, isoconcentration and (isomicrorotation) are presented graphically for different Lewis number, buoyancy parameter, micropolar vortex viscosity parameter, gyration viscosity parameter, Rayleigh number, Prandtl number and micro-inertia parameter. Micropolar material parameters are shown to considerably influence the flow regime. The flow model has important applications in hybrid aerobic bioreactor systems exploiting rheological suspensions e.g. fermentation

Analysis of Multijunction solar cells: Electroluminescence study

This paper describes the principle of the study which is based on electroluminescence to extract the parameters characterizing the recombination centers induced by irradiation in a solar cell. This technique is able to provide direct information on each individual junction constituting the multijonctions. The results are compared with those obtained by electrical methods. I

Non-empirical modelization of space degradation of multijunction cells

The fluence dependences of the short circuit and the open circuit voltage, induced by an irradiation, depend on a single parameter k, product of the introduction rates of the defects responsible for non radiative recombination times their trapping cross section. This parameter, characteristic of a given material, can be determined experimentally, hence allowing the computation of the degradation for any type of cell or multijunction cell. The validity of this procedure is demonstrated and illustrated in the case of the degradation of the short circuit current of 2J GaInP/GaAs/Ge cells

Epitaxial GaAs for X-ray imaging

11th International Workshop on Radiation Imaging Detectors, Czech Technical Univ, Inst Experimental & Applied Phys, Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC, JUN 29-JUL 03, 2009International audienceTo be used for X-ray imaging, semiconductor materials must exhibit good and uniform electronic properties. Epitaxial layers are therefore better adapted than bulk materials which contain dislocations, precipitates and point defects in variable concentrations depending on the growth mode and the nature of the material. However, they have to be thick enough to absorb photons efficiently. We produced thick epitaxial layers using a proprietary technique and made p/i/n (200-300 mu m thick) diodes with this new material. These diodes are characterized by a large reverse current, which can originate from electron emission from deep level defects present in the depleted region or be a leakage current. In order to answer this question, we performed a characterization of the defects present in the material. Here, we describe results obtained from X-ray diffraction, X-ray topography, time resolved photoluminescence and resistivity measurements. We also investigated the possible effect of hydrogen. From these observations, we deduced that defects exhibiting an electrical role are in negligible concentration and concluded that the high reverse current observed is a leakage current. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved