Rapid detection of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) of Penaeus monodon by latex agglutination test using monoclonal antibodies

Latex beads were sensitized with monoclonal antibodies (MAb) rose against VP28 of WSSV. The optimum concentration of MAb required to sensitize the latex beads was 125 µg/ml. The sensitized latex beads were used to detect WSSV from PCR-positive stomach tissue homogenates obtained from infected shrimp. Stomach tissue homogenates from WSSV-infected shrimp agglutinated the sensitized latex beads within 10 minutes, while uninfected samples did not produce any agglutination, although non-specific agglutinations were observed in some samples. The analytical sensitivity, analytical specificity, diagnostic sensitivity and diagnostic specificity of the (LAT) agglutination test were assessed. The analytical sensitivity of the test was 40 ng of purified WSSV (2 µg/ml). The sensitized latex beads did not agglutinate with normal shrimp tissue or MBV-infected tissue homogenate. The test has a diagnostic sensitivity of 70 and 45%, respectively, compared to single-step and nested PCR. The diagnostic specificity of the test was 82%. This test is a simple and rapid on-farm test which can be used to corroborate clinical signs for the detection of WSSV in grow-out ponds

Production and characterisation of monoclonal antibodies against immunoglobulins of Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton 1822)

Serum immunoglobulins (Ig) of mrigal Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton 1822) immunised with bovine serum albumin (BSA), were purified by affinity chromatography using BSA-CL agarose column. The purified mrigal Ig (m-Ig) was characterised under reducing condition by Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) which revealed two bands of 85 and 26 kDa corresponding to heavy and light chain, respectively. Following fusion of splenocytes from Balb/c mice immunised with purified m-Ig with myeloma cells, three hybridomas showing reactivity with m-Ig were cloned by limiting dilution. The monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) generated by these clones were designated as 3B2-E12, 3B2-F9 and 4C3-B2 and characterised by western blotting and isotyping. Western blot analysis of the supernatant from the three clones with purified m-Ig indicated that, all the three MAbs were specific to heavy chain. Isotyping revealed that 3B2-E12 MAb was of IgG1 isotype whereas the other two MAbs were of IgG2a isotype. Cross reactivity of anti-mrigal Ig MAb (3B2-E12) was observed with serum Ig of Catla catla and Labeo rohita indicating semi-conserved nature of Ig in Indian major carps

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Not AvailableThis book is a collection of comprehensive and latest information on all aspects of vaccination in fish and shellfish. It provides the basic understanding about the immune system of both fish and crustaceans, besides giving the latest information on adjuvants, vaccine delivery methods, adverse effects of vaccines and methods to assess the efficacy of vaccines. Separate chapters on the role of pattern recognition receptors and interferons in fish vaccination, biofilm vaccines and biosafety and regulatory requirements for fish vaccines are also included. Aquaculture, being the fastest growing food producing industry in the world, is looked upon for alleviating the malnutrition especially among the under privileged population. However, intensive aquaculture practices have led to increased incidences of diseases and significant production losses. Among various health management measures employed in aquaculture, vaccination has been proven to be the best approach to protect fish against pathogens. It is considered to be safe and is a key factor for sustainable aquaculture. In this background, apart from the basic understanding of fish and shellfish immune system, updated knowledge on various types of vaccines and the vaccination strategies currently employed in aquaculture are also covered. The book is designed to provide the latest and comprehensive knowledge on all these aspects as a compiled resource material which is useful to students, researchers and other professionals in the field of aquaculture.Not Availabl

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Behavioural Intention of Students to Enrol for Integrated and Honours Programmes as per NEP 2020

National Education Policy 2020 perceives an education system grounded in Indian ethos that significantly contributes to transforming India, or Bharat, sustainably into an inclusive and dynamic knowledge community by offering high-quality education for all, thereby attempting to make India a global knowledge superpower. The development of India into a democratic, just, socially conscious, cultured, and compassionate country preserving liberty, equality, fraternity, and justice for all envisioned in its Constitution depends greatly on higher education. In addition to developing well-rounded individuals with critical 21st-century skills in the arts, humanities, languages, sciences, social sciences, professional, technical, and vocational fields, such education will also foster an ethic of social engagement, soft skills as well as a rigorous specialisation in a particular field or fields. NEP 2020 will open a new horizon to young graduates by focusing on better teaching-learning methods and revolutionising the higher education sector. Since these calls for a major change in the traditional undergraduate programmes, it is essential to understand students’ perceptions towards this move and how they respond to such a change. This study aims to understand the behavioural intention of students to opt for integrated and honours programmes as envisaged by the NEP. The study adopted an exploratory as well as a descriptive research design. Sample respondents selected for the current study are the students pursuing their Plus-two course or those who completed it, waiting for their higher education in Kerala. The study results revealed that the behavioural intention of students to enrol for integrated and honours programmes is influenced by many factors: their perceived enjoyment, innovation anxiety, self-efficacy, performance expectancy, ease of learning, and usefulness

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Not AvailableAqueous, methanolic and ethanolic extracts of the leaves, flower, stem bark and pod/fruit (AL, AF, AB, AP, ML, MF, MB, MP, EL, EF, EB and EP),respectively, of Moringa oleifera were evaluated for their anti-oxidantive activities and anti-microbial properties. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (%), total phenolic contents (TPC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were used as a means of evaluating the in vitro anti-oxidantive activities of the extracts. All the extracts showed a dose-dependent activity with each method. There was a significant positive correlation (P<0.01) between DPPH values and TPC (r2 = 0.76) as well as between TPC and FRAP value (r2 = 0.93). With the DPPH and FRAP methods, EL and AB showed highest and lowest (P<0.05) overall activity, respectively. Moreover, EL exhibited highest activity with all the three methods starting from the lowest concentrations. At the higher two concentrations (7.5 and 10 mg/ml), EF showed highest activity (P<0.05) as compared to all the other extracts and a standard anti-oxidant, BHT. Antimicrobial susceptibility test using the disc diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay revealed that ethanolic extracts from all parts of moringa showed highest activity against Aeromonas hydrophila and Micrococcus luteus on concentration dependent manner than the aqueous extract counterpart. Although all the extracts exhibited considerable antioxidant activities with either one or both of the assays, EL and EF showed the best results and can be recommended as natural anti-oxidants in food/feed preparation and formulation.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableAn experiment of 60 days was conducted to study the immunomodulatory response and growth performance of Labeo rohita fingerlings fed with fucoidan rich seaweed extract (FRSE) and methionine. Four hundred and twenty fingerlings were randomly distributed into seven different experimental groups in triplicates following com- pletely randomised design (CRD). Fishes were fed to satiation with purified diets containing either 0% FRSE with 0.3% methionine (control), 0% FRSE with low dose (0.9%) methionine (T1), 0% FRSE with high dose (1.5%) methionine (T2), 1% FRSE with 0.3% methionine (T3), 2% FRSE with 0.3% methionine (T4), 1% FRSE with high dose methionine (T5) or 2% FRSE with low dose methionine (T6) in the feed. There was a significant (P 0.05). Immunological parameters: respiratory burst activity, myeloperoxidase activity, lysozyme activity, total immunoglobulin, phagocytic activity and total leukocyte count (TLC) were increased with the 2% level of dietary FRSE along with low dose methionine, whereas serum albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio and blood glucose level showed a decreasing trend (P < 0.05). These results suggest the synergistic effect of FRSE and methionine for growth and immunity in contrast to the only immune boosting capacity of fucoidan. Thus, 2% FRSE along with low dose methionine can act as immunostimulant and growth promoter in the diets of L. rohita fingerlings.Not Availabl

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